This translation guide is based on occupations listed in Polish and
French in the Nowogrodskie woj. (Nowogrodek province) portion of the
1929 Polish business directory
Ksiega Adresowa Polski (Wraz z w.m. Gdanskiem) dla Handlu, Przemyslu,
Rzemiosl i Rolnictwa [Directory of Poland (including Gdansk)
for Trade, Industry, Handicraft and Agriculture].
| POLISH | FRENCH | ENGLISH |
|---|
| Adwokaci | avocats | Lawyers |
| Agentury | commissionnaires en marchandises | merchandise agent |
| Akuszerki | sages-femmes | Midwives |
| Apreczne sklady | drogueries | hardware shop |
| Apteki | pharmacies | Pharmacies |
| artykuly spotywcze | alimentaire (produts a…) | food products |
| Asemozacyjne [rzedsoeb | assainissement | cleaner |
| Banshchik | assistant de bain | bath attendant |
| Bednarze | tonneliers | barrel makers/cooper |
| Betonwe wyroby fabriki | produits en beton | concrete products |
| Blacharze | ferblantiers | tinware/tinsmith |
| Blawaty | tissus | fabrics/fabric merchants |
| bliniane garnki | poterie de terre | earthenware |
| bron | armuriers | gunsmith |
| Browary | brasseries | breweries |
| Browi i amunicja | armes et munitions | arms and ammunition |
| Brukarskie przedsieb. | entrepr. de pavage | paving contractor |
| budowiani majstrzy | entrepr en batiment | building contractor |
| Budowlane materjaly | matériaux | construction material |
| Budowlane przedsiebiorstwo | entrepr. de constructions |
construction contractor (construction organizations) |
| Bydlo-handle | march. de bestiaux | cattle trade |
| Cegielnie | briqueteries | brickworks |
| cementowe wyroby | produits en ciment | cement products |
| Cementowe wyroby fabryki | fabr de produits en ciment |
cement products factories |
| cerownie sztucne | stoppeurs-repreiseurs | invisible mending and repair |
| chodaki | sabots | clogs |
| chodak | sabotiers | clogs |
| ciesle | charpentiers | carpenter |
| Cukier-hurt | sucres en gros | bulk sugar store |
| cukierki-wyrob. | fabr. de bonbon | candy factory |
| Cukiernie | confisieurs | confectioner store |
| Cukternicze wyroby | confiserie | candy/confectioner |
| Czapki | casquettes | caps |
| Czcionki | caracteres d'imprimerie | block capitals / printing type |
| czysczenie | laveur de laines | wool washer/dry cleaner |
| Dachówski wyrób | tuiliers | tile maker |
| dekarze | couvreurs | roofer |
| deski | planches | boards (planks) |
| dewocjonalja | articles de piete | religious articles |
| Domy handlowe | maisons de commerce | trade house [a very big store] |
| dorozkarski przedsiebiorstwa | voitures de place | cabman, taxi driver |
| dozorca | gardien | keeper, caretaker/infirmier (nurse) |
| dozorca szpitala | | hospital nurse |
| drob | volailles | poultry |
| Drozdze | levures | yeasts |
| Drukarnie | imprimeries | printing |
| drut I gwoezdsie-fabryki | fabr de fil de fer et clous |
wire and nail maker |
| Drzewo | bois | wood |
| dzasopisma | publications periodiques | periodicals/magazines |
| ekonoma | regisseur | manager |
| ekonoma szpitala | | hospital manager |
| Ekspedycyjne | expediteurs |
expediter (office that send loads to somewhere and escorts it; forwarders of cargo by train) |
| Ekspedycyjne biura | expediteurs | travel agency or freight forwarding |
| eksport | exportateur | exporter |
| elektrotechniczne artukuly | appareillage electrique |
electrical equipment |
| elektrotechniczne biura | bureau electrotechniques |
electrical power office |
| Elektrownie | usines d'électricité |
electric power station |
| emaljowane naczynia | articles de cuisine emailles | enamel kitchenware |
| fabryka dykt | fabr. de contreplaquages | plywood factory |
| fakuly | etoupes | ?bacteriums=oakum or tow? |
| Farbiarnie | teinturiers | dyer |
| Farbiarnie skor | teinturiers en cuirs | leather/skin dyer |
| Farby | couleurs | colors/tints |
| Felczerzy | barbiers-chirurgiens |
Barber-Surgeon. Physician's assistant |
| Fotograficzne zaklady | photographes | photographer's studio |
| Fryzjersy | coiffeurs | Hairdressers |
| Futra | fourrures | furs |
| Galaterja | merceries | dry goods/notions/fancy goods |
| Garbarnie | tanneries | tanner or leather worker |
| Garncarze | potiers | potter |
| Geometry | geometres | surveyors |
| Gilzy do papierosów abryki | | cigarette holder factory |
| gin | | gynecologist |
| Gonchar | potiers | potter |
| Gonty | bardeaux | shingles |
| Gonty wyrób | fabr de bardeau | shingles |
| Graficzne zaklady | establissements graphiques | graphics |
| Grawerzy | graveurs | engravers |
| gremylarnie | cardeurs de laines | wool cards |
| grzebienie | peignes | combs |
| Gumowe wyr. | caoutchoc manuf. | rubber manufacturer |
| Guziki niciane wyrób | fabr de _____ |
buttons and thread: notions |
| handel pakulami | commerce d'etoupes | oakum trade |
| handlarz | | peddler (shopkeeper) |
| Herbaciarnie | débits de thé |
tea dealer/tea shop/tea-room |
| Hotele | hótels | Hotels |
| Instalacje elektryczne | installations electriques |
installation of electricity |
| instalacyjne przedsiebiorstwa | mecaniciens-ajusteurs | mechanic-fitter |
| Introligatorzy | relieurs | Book binders |
| Jadlodajnie | restaurants | Restaurants |
| jubilerzy | bijoutiers | jeweler |
| kafle-fabryki | fabr. de carreaux | tile factory |
| kafle-wyrob | fabr. de carreaux | tile products |
| Kalosze | socques en coutchouc | rubbers or galoshes, overshoes |
| Kamasznicy | tiges pour chaussures |
shoe trees or producer of rubber for making galoshes or leather-stitcher |
| Kamieniarsko-rzezbiarskie zaklady | sculpteurs-statuaries |
sculpture-statuary |
| kamientarskie zaklady | tailleur de pierres | cutter (stone?) |
| kamientolomy | carrieres de pierres | stone quarry |
| kanotry wymiany | agent de change |
money exchange office/stockbroker |
| Kapelusze | chapeliers | hatter |
| Kapelusze damskie | modes | women's hats |
| kapielowe zaklady | etablissements de vains |
basketworks or baths |
| Kasa Chorychz | caisses des Malades. |
? "illness office": Health Insurance |
| Kasy pozyczk-oszczedn | caisses d'empr et d'épargne: |
Savings and Loan Banks |
| kasy pozyczk-oszczen. | denrees coloniales en gros |
wholesale products such as oil, flour, sugar, soap (no dairy or bakery) |
| Kaszarnie | fabr de gruaux |
Animal Feed Makers (wheat flour) |
| kawa slodowa-fabr | fabr de café de mali |
chocolate factory or coffee factory |
| Kawiarnie | cafes | coffee/café |
| klej stolarski-fabryki | fabr. de colle forte |
strong glue maker; carpenters' glue factory |
| kiszki zwierzece | boyaudiers |
inner tube from animal intestines or catgut maker |
| Kinematografy | cinémas | Cinemas |
| kolejki waskotorowa-eksploatacja |
exploitations des chemins de fer a voie troite |
narrow-guage railroad operation |
| Kolektury loterji | bureau de loterie | lottery office |
| Kolodzieje | charrons | Wheelwrights |
| Kolonjalne artykuly | epicier |
grocer of staple items (excluding bakery and dairy) |
| kominiarskie przedsiebiorstwa | entrepr. de ramonage |
chimney sweep |
| komisowe domy | agences commerciales |
second-hand shop or sales representative |
| Komornicy | huissiers | bailiffs |
| Konfekcja | confections | ready-made clothes, not candy |
| Konie handel | march. de chevaux | Horse trader |
| Kooperatywy | coopératives | cooperatives |
| kooperatywy kredytowe | societes de credit | credit union |
| Koszykarskie wyroby | vanniers | basket maker supplies |
| kotlarze | chaudronniers | cauldrons (boilermaker) |
| Koval Kowale | forgerons | blacksmith |
| Kravets Krawcy | tailleurs | tailor |
| Krawiectwo damskie | couturières | dressmaker/lady's tailor |
| krochmalnie | fabr d'amidon | starch factory |
| Ksiegarnie | librairies | book stores |
| ksiegi adresow | annuaires | address/phone book |
| Kuchenne naczynia | art de cuisine | kitchenware |
| kupiec | | merchant |
| Kusnierze | pelletiers | furrier |
| Kuznetz | forgerons | blacksmith |
| kwiaty | fleurs | florist |
| lakiernicy | vernisseurs | varnishers |
| Lasy -- eksploatacja | exploit. forestieres | forestry operation |
| laznie | bains de vapeur | steam baths |
| lecznice | maison de sante | health center/clinic/nursing home |
| Lekarze | médecins | physicians |
| Lekarze dentysci | medecin de dentistes | Dentists |
| len | lin | linen/flax |
| linja kol waskotor | ligne a voie etroite |
line of narrow-guage small railroad |
| Maka | farines | flour |
| manufaktura | usine | fabric manufacture |
| maslo-wyrob | fabrication de beurre | buttery |
| Maszyny fabryki | fabr de ma | factory machines |
| Maszyny do szycia | machines a coudre | sewing machines |
| Matarze | peinitres | painters |
| Meble | meubles | Furniture |
| mechanicy | mecaniciens | auto mechanics |
| Melnik | meunier | miller |
| mieczarnie | ceremeries | creamery, dairy |
| mincerskie zaklady | | producer of commemorative medals |
| miscerskie zaklady | laiterie | dairy |
| miodosytnie | | mead brewery |
| Mlodosylnie | fabr d'hydromels |
hydromel makers/honey drink (mead) makers/beekeepers/ |
| mlynskie kamienie | meules a moulins | millstone/grindstones |
| Mlyny | moulins | mills |
| Molochnik | laitier | milkman |
| mosieznicy | dinandiers | brass wares/foundry/copper |
| Muchnik | minotier | flour meal maker |
| Murarze | macons | masons/bricklayers |
| mydlarnie | marchands de savons | (perfumed) soap products factory |
| Mydlo | savons | soaps |
| nabial | cremiers | dairyman |
| Nafta | pétrol | gasoline-oil |
| naftowe produkiy | produits petrolifieres | oil products |
| Nasiona | graines | seeds |
| niedziane wyroby | cuiveries | brass objects (copper?>) |
| Nierogacizna --handel | march. de | cattle trade |
| Notarjusze | notaires | notaries |
| obrecze-wyrob | fabrication de cercles en bois | maker of hoops |
| obrzedowa przybory | objets de religion | religious objects |
| Obuwie | chaussures | shoes |
| Ocet fabryki | fabr de vinaigres | vinegar Factories |
| ogloszeniowe buira | agences de publicite | advertising agency |
| ogrodnicze zaklady | establissements horticoles |
horticultural organizations |
| Olejarnie | huileries | oil factories-combustible |
| opal | combustibles | fuel |
| Owocarnie | fruitiers | fruit shop |
| papier | papetiers | paper manufacturer or commercial stationer |
| papier pergaminowy--wyrob | papier parchmine | parchment paper |
| parcelacyjne przedsiebiorstwa | entrepr. de parcellement |
organization that divides land among people-probably surveyor |
| pasta do obuwia | pates pour chaussures | paste polish for shoes |
| pasza | fourrages | fodder |
| pergamin-wyrob | fabr de parchemin | parchment maker |
| pestki-suszarnie | sechage de pepins | seed drying factory |
| pieczecie kauczukowe | timbres en caoutchouc |
rubber stamps; rubber seals |
| Pieczywo | boulangerie | Bakery |
| piekarnie | boulangier | baker |
| pierze | plumes et duvets | feathers and featherbed covers |
| Piora | plumassiers | feather/mattress makers or pen |
| pismienne materjaly | fourniture de bureaux | office or writing supplies |
| Pivavoz | brasserie | beer deliverer |
| Piwiarnie | brasseries-débit | retail brewery + bar = pub |
| Piwo | bière | beer |
| Plotnik/Plotnitsky | charpentier | carpenter or producer of canvas |
| podrozne przybory | articles de voyage | travel articles (accessories) |
| pomniki | monuments funeraires | tombstones |
| Ponczochyfabr | fabr de bas | stocking maker |
| pondzochy-pracownie | bonnetiers | hosiery production |
| porady prawne | consultations juridiques | legal consultations |
| posrednictwo pracy | bureaux de placement | employment office |
| Powroznicy | cordiers/corderie | Rope Makers |
| powrozy | cordages | rigging/rope |
| pralnie | blanchisseries de fin | fine laundry |
| Prosb & tlumaczen biura | petitions et traductions |
petitions and translations |
| przedzalnia | filatures | spinning mills |
| pszczelnictwo | apiculteurs | bee keeper |
| radjosprzet | accessoires pour la T.S.F | radio equipment |
| reparacyjne warszlaly | ateliers de reparations | repair shop |
| Restauracje | restaurants | Restaurants |
| Reznik | boucher kosher | kosher butcher |
| robotnik | | worker/laborer |
| Rozne towary | articles divers | variety store/sundries |
| rybolowstwo | peche | fishing/fishery |
| rymarskie wyroby | bourrellerie | bells for horses; saddler's articles |
| Rymarze | bourreliers | master of making bells for horses; saddler |
| Rzeznicy | bouchers | Butchers |
| samochodowa komunikacja | transports automobile | auto transportation |
| Samochodowe przedsiebiorstwa | | automobile dealer |
| Sapozhnik | cordonnier | shoemaker |
| Sery--wyrob | fabr de fromages | cheese factory |
| Shklyar | glazier | glass craftsman |
| Shkolnik | bedeau | synagogue sexton |
| Shvets | tailleur | tailor |
| Siodlarze | selliers | saddle-makers; saddlers |
| Sitarze | tamisiers | sifters/sieve maker |
| sklep spozywczy | | grocer |
| Skóry | cuirs | leather/hides |
| skory baranie | peaux de moutons | sheepskin |
| skory surowo | peaux brutes | raw hides |
| skory-wyprawianie | corroyeurs | leather manufacturing |
| skorzane wyroby | maroquinerie | fine leather goods |
| sledzie | harengs | herring |
| sledzie-wedzarnie | fumage des harengs | smoked herring; smoke house |
| slonina | lard | lard |
| Slusarze/Stusarze | serurriers |
locksmiths (in French), ironworker (in Polish) |
| smary | graisses | grease/lubricant |
| smolarnie | fabr. de poix | pitch factory |
| sokolnik | | falconer |
| sol | sel | salt |
| solarskie saklady | entrepr de menuiserie | joinery |
| Soshnik | laboureur | ploughman |
| Spirytualja | spiritueux | Liquor |
| spirytus-rektyfkacja | rectification d'alcool |
alcohol adjustment; alcohol rectification |
| sprzedawca w sklepie spozywczym | | grocery clerk |
| Spozywcze artykuly | comestibles | food stuff/products |
| Starzyna handel | fripiers |
secondhand clothes dealers (in French), junk dealer (in Polish) |
| Stolarze | menuisiers | joiner/carpenter |
| Studnie-budowa | forages/foreurs de puits | well driller |
| sukno-wyrob | fabr. de draperie | (broadcloth) clothing manufacturer |
| sukno-wyrob | drapiers | clothing manufacturer |
| swiece | bougies | candles |
| swiece-fabryki | fabr. de bougies | candle factory |
| Szczecina | soies de porc | hog bristles |
| szczotkarze | brossiers | cleaner/sweeper or brush-maker |
| Szewckie formy wyrob | fabr. de vetements confectionnes |
ready-made clothes |
| Szewckie przybory | fournit pour chaussures | shoemakers' supplies |
| Szewcy | cordonnier | cobbler/shoe repairer |
| Szklane huty | verreries | glass-smelting workshop |
| szklarze | vitriers | glazier |
| Szklo i porcelana | verrerie et porcelaine | glass and porcelain-making |
| szklo okienne | verres a vitres | window glass |
| szkoly krofu | ecole de coupe | glass cutting school or fashion school |
| Szmaty | chiffons | Rags |
| szpital epidem | hopital epidem | contagious disease hospital |
| szyldy-pracownie | fabr d'enseignes | sign maker |
| tapety | papiers peints | wallpaper |
| Tapicerzy | tapissiers | upholsterer |
| Tartaki | scieries | sawmills |
| technicy dentyslyczni | mecaniciens dentistes | dental technician |
| techniczne artykul | articles techniques | technical articles |
| techniczne biura | bureaux techniques | technical office |
| telegraficzne slupy | poteaux telegraphiques | telegraph pole |
| Teslyar | charpentier | carpenter, wood craftsman |
| tokarze | tourneurs | lathe operator/turner |
| Trumny | cercueils | Coffins |
| trykolale | articles en tricot | articles for knitting |
| trykotaze | | hosiery |
| ubesplexczenlowe agentury | assurances | insurance |
| ubezoueczebuiwe agentury | agent d'assurances | insurance agent |
| Ubrania gotowe | vêtements confectionnes | ready-made clothes |
| waosy-wyrob | chariots | carriage maker/handcart or carriage |
| Wapienniki | fours a chaux | brick oven builder |
| Wapno | chaux | Lime |
| wapno-wypalanie | chaufourniers | lime burning |
| warzywa | legumes | vegetables |
| wata | ouate | cotton wool (Br.)/quilt batting (Am.) |
| Wedliny | charcutiers | pork butcher |
| Wegiel | charbons | Coal |
| welna | laine | wool |
| welna-czesalnie | peignage de laines | wool combs |
| wewn. | | internal medicine or domestic |
| Wiatraki | moulins a vent | windmills |
| wieczka-wyrob | paille hachee | straw factory or lid production |
| wlasciciel | | owner |
| wlasciciel domu | |
home owner, landlord (lessor), building owner, house owner |
| Wlasciciele ziemscy | Proprietaires fonciers | landowner |
| wlasciciel sklepu spozywczego | | grocery owner |
| wlasnosc | | privately owned something |
| wlasny | | private |
| Wody gazowe fabryki | fabr eaux de gazeuses |
seltzer factories / lemonade factory |
| wojloki | feutre vegetal | felt factory |
| Worki reparacja | réparation de | sack/bag repair shoe |
| wosk | cire | wax |
| wosk-wyzlocznie | fonderies de cire | wax or polish factory |
| wozy-wyrob | constructeur de chariots | carriage maker/handcart maker |
| Zajawdy | auberges | inns |
| Zboze | graines | grains, cereals |
| Zduni | fumistes | heating engineer or tile-stove setter |
| Zegarmistrze | horlogers | clock/watchmakers |
| zelaso-odlewnie | fondeurs en fer | iron foundery |
| zelazne wyroby | quincailliers | ironmonger/hardware |
| Zelazo | fers | iron products/cast iron/hardware |
| zelazo stare | vieux fers | scrap metal |
| ziola tecznicze | herboristeries medicinnie | medical herbalist shop |
| | art. de construction | construction materials |
| | boutons pour lingerie | buttons for lingerie |
| | caisses de tresor | public revenue dept |
| | direction de la voirie |
dept of transportation (also means sanitation) |
| | en gross | wholesale |
| | fabr. de formes p chaussures | shoe form factories |
| | fabr de tubes à cigarettes | Cigarette Paper Factories |
| | l'enseignment | teaching |
| | porcs | pork |
| | taxi-automobiles | Taxis |
| | infirmier | (nurse) |
| | sacs | Bag Repairs |
