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Geographical Regions for the JewishGen Latvia Database

Russian Empire (until 1918):
      · Courland Gubernia
      · Livland Gubernia
      · Vitebsk Gubernia
      · Estland Gubernia
Inter-War Latvia (1918-1939)

Gubernias and Uyezds:
Prior to WWI (1917), the area that is now Latvia was in the Russian Empire, and was part of three gubernias (provinces): Courland, Livland, and Vitebsk.  Each gubernia was in turn divided into several uyezds (districts).  These uyezd divisions are as follows:

Courland Gubernia:

The area of Courland Gubernia [Russian: Курляндская губерния] is now the southern and western portion of modern Latvia.  The capital was Mitava (Митава [Rus], Mitau [Ger], מיטאַו Mitav [Yid]), which today is called Jelgava.  The ten uyezds of Courland Gubernia were:

Russian Latvian German Other Names Notes, Jewish Communities
Bausk
Бауска
Bauska Bauske Bauskė [Lith], Bowsk [Pol],
בויסק Boisk [Yid]
Communities: Skaistkalne (Schoenberg, Shimberg).
Doblen
Добленъ
Dobele Doblen Duobelė [Lith], Doblena [Pol], דובלין Doblin [Yid]  
Fridrikhshtat
Фридрихштадтъ
Jaunjelgava Friedrichstadt Frydrychsztat [Pol],
פרידריכשטאַט [Yid]
Communities: Jēkabpils (Jakobstadt, Iakobshtadt).
Gazenpot
Газенпотъ
Aizpute Hasenpoth Aizputė [Lith], Hazenpot [Pol],
האַזנפאַט Haznpot [Yid]
Communities: Vaiņode (Vainoden).
Gol'dingen
Гольдингенъ
Kuldīga Goldingen Kuldyga [Lith], Goldynga [Pol],
גאַלדינגען Goldingen [Yid]
Communities: Saldus (Frauenburg).
Grobin
Гробинъ
Grobiņa Grobin Gruobinia [Lith], Grobin [Pol], גרובין Grobin [Yid] Communities: Liepāja (Libau, Libava), Palanga [now in Lithuania] (Polangen), Priekule (Preekuln), Durbe (Durben).
Illukst
Илукстъ
Ilūkste Illuxt Ilūkšta [Lith], Ilukst [Yid], Iłłukszta [Pol] Communities: Grīva, Subate (Subbath, Shuvitz), Aknīste (Aknist, Oknist), Skrudaļiena, Eglaine.
Tal'sen
Тальсенъ
Talsi Talsen Talsai [Lith], Talsen [Pol],
טאלסען Talsn [Yid]
Communities: Valdemārpils (Sassmacken), Sabile (Zabeln, Shaviln), Kandava (Kandau, Kandoi).
Tukkum
Туккумъ
Tukums Tuckum Tukumas [Lith], Tukum [Pol],
טוקום Tukum [Yid]
Communities: Auce (Autz, Oitz).
Vindava
Виндава
Ventspils Windau Ventspilis [Lith], Windawa [Pol],
וינדוי Vindoi [Yid]
Communities: Piltene (Pilten).

Livland Gubernia:

The area of Livland Gubernia [Russian: Лифляндская губерния] is now the northeastern portion of modern Latvia, and the southern half of Estonia.  Today, the four southern uyezds are in Latvia, and the four northern uyezds are in Estonia.  Here are the eight uyezds of Livland Gubernia:

Russian Latvian /
Estonian
German Other Names Notes, Jewish Communities
Riga
Рига
Rīga
[Latv]
Riga Ryga [Pol, Lith],
ריגע Rige [Yid], Riia [Est]
Today: in Latvia.  Communities: Pļaviņas (Stockmannshof), Sloka (Shlok), Koknese (Kokenhusen).
Venden
Венденъ
Cēsis
[Latv]
Wenden Cėsys [Lith], Tsesis [Rus],
Kieś [Pol], Võnnu [Est]
Today: in Latvia.  Communities: Madona (Madohn), Lazdona (Lasdohn), Lubāna (Lubahn).
Valk
Валка
Valka
[Latv]
Walk Valga [Est], Walk [Pol] Today: in Latvia.  Communities: Smiltene (Smilten), Alūksne (Marienburg), Gulbene (Schwanenburg), Ape (Hoppenhof), Valga [in Estonia].
Volmar
Вольмаръ
Valmiera
[Latv]
Wolmar Volmari [Est], Wolmar [Pol], וואָלמאַר Volmar [Yid] Today: in Latvia.  Communities: Rūjiena (Rujen), Limbaži (Lemsal).
Verro
Верро
Võru
[Est]
Werro Veru [Latv, Lith], Werro [Pol] Today: in Estonia. 
Derpt
Дерптъ
Tartu
[Est]
Dorpat Yur'yev [Rus, 1893-1918], Tartto [Fin], Terbata [Latv] Today: in Estonia. 
Fellin
Феллинъ
Viljandi
[Est]
Fellin Viljandis [Lith] Today: in Estonia. 
Pernov
Перновъ
Pärnu
[Est]
Pernau Pernoi [Yid], Pernava [Latv], Parnawa [Pol] Today: in Estonia. 

Vitebsk Gubernia:

The area of Vitebsk Gubernia [Russian: Витебская губерния] is today in southeastern Latvia, northeastern Belarus, and westernmost Russia.
Vitebsk gubernia was comprised of 11 districts (uyezds):
Drissa, Dvinsk, Gorodok, Lepel, Liutsin, Nevel, Polotsk, Rezhitsa, Sebezh, Velizh, and Vitebsk.
Today —

  • Dvinsk, Liutsin, and Rezhitsa uyezds (and a small part of Drissa) are now in Latvia;
  • Sebezh, Nevel, and parts of Gorodok and Velizh uyezds are now in Russia;
  • Lepel, Polotsk, Vitebsk, most of Drissa and Gorodok, and parts of Velizh uyezds are now in Belarus.

Russian Latvian /
Belarusian
Other Names Notes, Jewish Communities
Dvinsk
Двинскъ
Daugavpils
[Latv]
דענענבורג Denenburg [Yid], Dünaburg [Ger], Daugpilis [Lith], Dźwińsk [Pol] Today: in Latvia.  Communities: Krāslava (Kraslau), Krustpils (Kreuzburg), Dagda (Dageten), Preiļi (Prel), Gostiņi (Dankere, Glazmanka), Līvāni (Liwenhof), Riebiņi (Ribinishki), Višķi (Vishki).
Liutsin
Люцин
Ludza
[Latv]
לוצין Lutsin [Yid], Ludsen [Ger], Lucyn [Pol], Lutsi [Est] Today: in Latvia.  Communities: Kārsava (Korsovka, Karsau), Zilupe (Rosenhof, Rozinovsk), Baltinava (Baltinowo), Viļaka (Marienhausen).
Rezhitsa
Режица
Rēzekne
[Latv]
רעזשיצע Rezhitse [Yid], Rositten [Ger], Rzeżyca [Pol], Rėzeknė [Lith], Räisaku [Est] Today: in Latvia.  Communities: Varakļāni (Varklian, Warkland), Viļāni (Vilon, Velena), Silmala (Malta), Kaunata (Kovnat).
Drissa
Дрисса
Vyerkhnyadzvinsk
Верхнядзвінск
Verkhnedvinsk [Rus],
Dryssa [Pol]
Today: mostly in Belarus, some in Latvia.
Communities: Piedruja (Fridroisk, Pridruiska).
Lepel
Лепель
Lepiel
Лепель
Lepel [Pol], Lepelis [Lith] Today: in Belarus. 
Polotsk
Полоцкъ
Polatsk
Полацк
Polocka [Latv], Połock [Pol] Today: in Belarus. 
Vitebsk
Витебскъ
Vitsyebsk
Віцебск
וויטעבסק Vitebsk [Yid], Witebsk [Pol], Vitebska [Latv], Vitebskas [Lith] Today: in Belarus. 
Gorodok
Городокъ
Haradok
Гарадок
Horodek [Pol] Today: mostly in Belarus, parts in Russia. 
Velizh
Велиж
Wieliż [Pol], Veližas [Lith] Today: mostly in Russia, some in Belarus. 
Sebezh
Себежъ
Siebież [Pol] Today: in Russia. 
Nevel
Невелъ
Newel [Pol] Today: in Russia. 

Estland Gubernia:

The area of Estland Gubernia [Russian: Эстляндская губерния] is now the northern half of of modern Estonia.  The capital is: Revel' [Ревель] (now Tallinn, Estonia).  There were a total of only 1,468 Jews in Estland gubernia in 1897.  The four uyezds of Estland Gubernia are:

Russian Estonian German Other Names District (uyezd Name)
Revel
Ревель
Tallinn Reval Rewel [Pol], Tallina [Latv], Talinas [Lith]. Garrien [Rus], Harrien [Ger], Harjumaa [Est], Harrya [Pol].
Gapsal
Гапсаль
Haapsalu Hapsal Hāpsalu, [Latv], Haapsalu [Lith], Hapsal [Pol]. Vik [Rus], Wiek [Ger], Läänemaa [Est], Wik [Pol].
Vezenberg
Везенбергъ
Rakvere Wesenberg Rakverė [Lith], Rakvere [Latv]. Viriland [Rus], Wierland [Ger], Virumaa [Est], Wirland [Pol].
Veysenshteyn
Вейсенштейнъ
Paide Weißenstein Paidė [Lith], Paide [Latv]. Erven [Rus], Jerwen [Ger], Järvamaa [Est], Jerwia [Pol].


Inter-war Latvia:

After World War I, Latvia became an independant country.  Independant Latvia was divided into four provinces (singular: apgabals, plural: apgabali), which were each subdivided into districts (singular: apriņķis, plural: apriņķi), as follows:

Vidzeme
(former Livland gubernia)
  • Cēsis
  • Madona
  • Rīga
  • Valka
  • Valmiera
Latgale
(former Vitebsk gubernia)
  • Abrene
  • Daugavpils
  • Ludza
  • Rēzekne
Zemgale
(former eastern Courland)
  • Bauska
  • Ilūkste
  • Jēkabpils
  • Jelgava
  • Tukums
Kurzeme
(former western Courland)
  • Aizpute
  • Kuldīga
  • Liepāja
  • Talsi
  • Ventspils


JewishGen Database Sharing:

Because of overlapping political borders over time, some regions are shared with other JewishGen databases.


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