ViewMate - Image Archive, Image 114026 - Translation - Russian - Lithuania - Zelva - Kalinsky


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Information

Picture

Question

Category: Translation - Russian
Approval Date: 3/18/2026 2:51 PM
Family Surname: Kalinsky
Country: Lithuania
Town: Zelva
Date of Image: 1858

Click the picture to enlarge

This is a revision list done in 1858. It is indexed on JewishGen with the surname translated as Kalinsk. I'd like a translation of the names. But I'm most interested in the reason why the two men do not appear in 1858, because of something that happened in 1857. The index says "Unknown", but sometimes there's a reason given: either that he died or was recruited into the army. Or maybe it only says "went away." Please translate.

Response

3/18/2026 5:26 PM

«Нохим (брат Вульфа) , в 1850 году- 30 лет, в отлучке с 1857 года.
Давид Манкович Хаим, в 1850 году- 26 лет, в отлучке с 1857 года.»

Для еврейского населения местечка Зельва (Гродненская губерния) в середине XIX века отметка «в отлучке» в Ревизской сказке 1858 года имела специфические причины, обусловленные законодательством Российской империи и социально-экономическим укладом общины.
Основные причины «отлучки» у евреев в 1858 году:
• Отхожие промыслы и торговля: Многие мужчины уезжали на заработки в крупные города (например, Вильно) или соседние губернии по временным билетам и паспортам. Если срок действия паспорта не истек, человек юридически оставался членом общества в Зельве, но фактически отсутствовал.
• Переселение в сельскохозяйственные колонии: В 1840-х и 1850-х годах правительство поощряло переход евреев в «земледельцы». Семьи могли фактически переехать в Херсонскую или Екатеринославскую губернии (Южная Россия), но числиться «в отлучке» по старому месту приписки до официального перевода в новое сословие.
• Уклонение от рекрутчины: 10-я ревизия 1858 года проводилась вскоре после Крымской войны. Отметка об «отлучке» могла скрывать факт бегства от призыва, который для еврейских общин того времени был особенно тяжелым бременем.
• Нелегальное проживание в других местах: Евреи часто жили вне мест приписки без продления документов. Если человек не являлся на перепись, его записывали «в отлучке», чтобы общество могло продолжать взимать с него налоги (подушную подать).
======================================

/S/

3/18/2026 5:27 PM

"Nohim (Wulf's brother), 30 years old in 1850, absent since 1857. David Mankovich Chaim, 26 years old in 1850, absent since 1857."

For the Jewish population of Zelva (Grodno Governorate) in the mid-19th century, the "absent" notation in the 1858 Census List had specific reasons, conditioned by the laws of the Russian Empire and the socio-economic structure of the community.
The main reasons for "absence" among Jews in 1858 were:
• Seasonal work and trade: Many men left for work in large cities (for example, Vilnius) or neighboring governorates using temporary tickets and passports. If the passport had not expired, the person legally remained a member of the Zelva community, but was effectively absent.
• Resettlement to agricultural colonies: In the 1840s and 1850s, the government encouraged Jews to become "farmers." Families could actually move to the Kherson or Yekaterinoslav provinces (Southern Russia), but be listed as "absent" at their old place of registration until officially transferring to a new social class.
• Conscription evasion: The 10th census of 1858 was conducted shortly after the Crimean War. The "absent" mark could conceal the fact of escaping conscription, which was a particularly heavy burden for Jewish communities at the time.
• Illegal residence elsewhere: Jews often lived outside their places of registration without renewing their documents. If a person failed to report for the census, they were listed as "absent" so that society could continue to collect taxes (the poll tax) from them.
/S/

ViewMate Posting VM 114026

Submitted by Seth Allan Nasatir

Learn more about our organizational leadership, mission, and values. There are numerous opportunities to get involved yourself!

Search millions of records from around the globe, including more than 4 million records related to the Holocaust, and more than 4.2 million burial records. Records are continually added each month - check back often for new information!

Discover your ancestral town, explore geographic/regional based sections of the JewishGen site (Research Divisions), and explore what daily life was like for your ancestors - and what we can learn from them today.

Enhance your research with online classes and dozens of helpful articles. University students can apply for the Bennett & Robin Greenspan L'dor V'dor Legacy Program, and those "out of school" can help preserve Jewish Heritage in Poland with unique study & volunteer experiences.

Connect with tens of thousands of other JewishGen members via the Family Finder, Discussion Group, Facebook Group, and ViewMate. It's a great way to share success, ask questions, and stay informed of the happenings throughout the Jewish genealogical community.

The JewishGen site is offered as a free public resource. However, it costs a lot of money to maintain and expand our services. If you are in a position to do so, please consider a contribution today - your support will make a difference!

ViewMate Posting VM 114026

Submitted by Seth Allan Nasatir