Acknowledgments

Project Coordinator

Mark D. Salik

 

Our sincere appreciation to Isaac Wilner of the Sanok Landmanshaft,
for permission to put this material on the JewishGen web site.

This is a translation from: Sefer Zikaron le-Kehilat Sanok ve-ha-Siviva
(Memorial Book of Sanok and Vicinity), E. Sharbit, ed., Jerusalem,
Former Residents of Sanok and Vicinity in Israel, 1970. (686 pages, Hebrew, Yiddish)
 

[Title Page]

{Opposite title page}

Members of the Organization of Natives of Sanok and its Region in Israel Yacov Elster Yacov Gurfein (treasurer) Nusia Wagner Isaac Wilner Yaffa Lerner (chairman) Dr. Shimon Kimmel Yisrael Shadmi Tzvi Shamri (secretary) Members of the Extended Committee Chedva Blumenfeld Eliahu Berger Yehoshea Brochi Adam Breidner Aryeh Gozik Hadassa Herzog Martha Wagman Zev Wachtel Menachem Wenig Freda Trufa (of blessed memory) Zehava Treitman Fela Trachman Henoch Katz Yosef Lefelshtil Chava Maier (of blessed memory) Yacov Fass Ozer Paz-Pipe Zusia Kempler Moshe Rabbach Miriam Shadmi Yacov Shoresh Yitzchok Schachner Yisrael Trom Members of the audit committee: Adam Breidner, Dr. Ascher Silfen Members of the Book Publication Committee Azriel Ochmani Yacov Elster Eliahu Berger Gershon Givoni-Pipe Yitzchak M. Glonder (of blessed memory) Rabbi Alter Maier (of blessed memory) Ozer Paz-Pipe Tzvi Shamri Elazar Sharbit Shimon Toder

[Page vi]

About the Book

On the other hand, however, the feelings of duty and obligation toward our dear martyrs did not give us any rest. It reminded us of the duty to remember and to remind. It awakened the vital need to establish a monument and to conduct perpetuation activities for ourselves and our children after us. We will recall here Alter Maier of blessed memory, Menachem Aldobi of blessed memory, and Yitzchak M. Glonder of blessed memory, who were the first to become aroused and arouse others, to become active and to toil, each to his own ability if not beyond. To the sorrow of all of us, all three of them have left us one after another before they saw progress in their activities. They left us with the feelings of obligation and the need to continue the efforts to repay the holy debt.

The decisive turn came with the activities that were started by our friend Ozer Paz-Pipe, that primarily included the actual efforts of gathering material from the natives of our town, and that served as a practical and definitive beginning to the first phase of the preparation of the book. Along with this, he also was able to deal with the issue of choosing an editor for the book and giving over to the editor the material which was already collected or which was about to be collected, to be reworked and edited. It was clear to all of us that the issue of working with the material would require special dedication from the editor, spreading oneself over wide areas to search for additional material, a serious issue of collecting, and a unique type of editing, with a special feeling for our community, the willingness and ability to deal simultaneously with what was present and what was not present, and a special excitement and creative talent to be able to fill in the gaps and missing pieces with his own pen.

To our good fortune, our friend Elazar Sharbit was a candidate. We were right on the mark when we chose him as the editor of the book.

To the good fortune of the book, his agreement to accept the task and carry it out was also right on the mark.

We must now thank and bless all those who participated in this effort and helped us reach this point, especially the editor of the book who performed his difficult task without expectation of reward.

We witnessed and were aware of the dedication of the editor to his work at all stages of the preparation of this book.

The reader will realize his level of success in this work as he reads the book.

The Organization of Natives of Sanok and its Region in Israel

Tel Aviv, the eve of Rosh Hashanah, 5730 (1969).

[Page vii]

Words for the Reader

Indeed, the path to reach even these goals was not easy at all throughout the entire process of producing this book. Difficulties and obstacles filled the entire path: the decisive shortage of material about the life of the Jews of Sanok; the search for information in various ways to fill in the missing material; lack of interest, and at times even disappointment and discouragement from the natives of our town to all the requests of the organization and the editor for the provision of material, information and memories – even the names of the deceased and the martyrs of their own family; and the difficult struggle by the editor with the material that was provided, for various reasons, mostly known and self-evident.

These words will serve as an explanation for the questions that the readers will likely have regarding the apparent “haziness” and “misrepresentations” in the book, and in the lacunae versus repetitions, of brevity versus verbosity, of scanty imagery versus extensive imagery. This also explains the lack of proportion in discussing personalities, or even the complete lack of such; the hiding of the importance of some Jewish organization, or even the complete omission of some (the orphanage!), and also cases of inexactitude in names, dates and the like.

On the other hand, the satisfaction about what the book does indeed have is very high. The degree of gratitude and blessing that the editor owes to those who helped in obtaining the material is very great. We will mention here with gratitude our fellow townsman Mr. Shimon Toder for his constant vigilance and consistent interest in anything relating to the book; my friend Mr. Naftali ben-Menachem, the principal of the Bibliographic Project of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem; and my friends Mr. Leib Rochman and Mr. Efraim Shadletzki for their interest and accuracy with respect to the book.

My friend Mr. Shmuel Herman deserves special mention. He is one of the veteran employees of the Bibliographic Project of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. His details and notes were very interesting and useful. Almost all of them were utilized in the book.

I will also hereby thank all of those who donated to the book through the fruit of their pens, or who allowed their works that have been published through other means to be used in this book, such as: the article of Dr. Shlomo Nobel (page 38) from the “Yiddishe Shprach” (Jewish Language) publication of YIVO, New York, September

[Page viii]

1965; The article of Professor Dov Sadan (page 413) from “Davar”; of Rivke Gurfein (page 446) from “Al HaMishmar”; of Yisrael Cohen, the editor of “Hapoel Hatzair” (page 448) in Hapoel Hatzair; of the poet Sh. Shalom, the honorary president of the writers guild of Israel (page 449) in “Meoznaim”; of Chaim Toren (page 450) in bulletin 13 of the FA”N Center of Israel, Tevet 5729 (1969) – and of all other articles whose source is recorded at the bottom of the articles included in the book.

We wish to especially thank here all of those who saw fit, on their own accord and without being asked, to send pictures and other material to the editor. (The photographs on pages 534a and 534b were photographed by the Nazis themselves in Zaslaw. There were made available to us by the members of a German delegation who were in Israel in the spring of 1969 in order to collect testimony from those in Israel who “merited” to have been in the Zaslaw Camp and the Sanok Ghetto.)

Yitzchok Fass, of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, must also accept here the thanks of the editor for the help that he offered so politely, and our friend Mr. Tzvi Shamri for his assistance and professional advice regarding the printing.

I will note here with gratitude the direct and indirect assistance, with advice and actual work, that I received from my wife Esther Sharbit throughout the entire time that I was occupied with the preparation of this book.

Finally, I express my gratitude to the printer Mr. Shraga Weinfeld, who as a native of Sanok forged a special relationship with the Sanok Book throughout the time of its preparation. I wish to also thank his senior assistants and employees Mr. Binyamin Admoni and Mr. Shlomo Pazuelo, who oversaw the efforts of preparation and printing with appropriate patience.

*

With all of the efforts in editing the material, the book is not immune from several typographical errors. Due to their small number, we will give the details here, after these lines. The reader is requested to fix them before looking through the book.

*

The responsibility for the content of the articles, the lists, and the photo captions rests with their authors. Items that do not mention a name are written by the editor, and the responsibility for them rests with him.

The editor
Jerusalem, Tishrei 5730 (1969)

Errata

Page 19, 9^th line from the top, instead of 1792 it should be 1793.
Page 25, second line from the bottom, instead of “in the clothing” it should be “in blossom”.
Page 72, below the photograph, a line is missing: The words – in the addendum, (page 623).
Page 90, second line from the bottom, instead of “Beret” it should be “Bayat”.
Page 429, second line from the top, instead of “on the garden”, it should be “from atop the garden”.
Page 442, four lines from the top, instead of Varda it should be Wanda.
Page 493, line 10 (the heading), instead of Diower, it should be Dinower.
Page 586, the first and second lines should be interchanged with each other.

{Yiddish version of the Words for the Reader}^[3]

[Page xi]

NOTE: This translation is from the Table of Contents on page Yud Aleph (xi) in the original. Translations are from Hebrew unless marked Y (for Yiddish).

Chapter Author Page With the Book The Committee of the organisation of leavers from Sanok and surroundings Vav (vi) A note to the reader The Editor Zayin (vii) A note to the reader (Y) The Editor Tet (ix) Contents   Yud Aleph (xi) Table of photos   9 Day by day before daybreak Ron Adi 12 Thou art the town Eliezer Sharbit 13 El Mole Rachamin (from the “Parchment Scroll”) 14   History & Happenings Towards the history of the town & its surroundings Ozer Pipe 17-30 A Quick Look at the Town Yisrael Lembach 31-32 The Weiner building (“Veinrovkah”) Zev Wachtel 33-34 On the outside sweetness & beauty – inside hatred & muck Chayah Reiser-Fenig 35-37 (Y) Differentiation of Yiddish dialects & a point Dr. Shlomo Nobel 38-42   Sanctuaries, Synagogues, Beis Midrashes, Kloizes and Houses of Worship The Great Synagogue Rabbi Alter Meier 46 The “Small” Synagogues Next to the Central Synagogue   47 The Large Beis Midrash   47 The Synagogue in the Pusada Quarter   48 The Bliachowka House of Worship   48 The Kloiz in the Przdamajczia Quarter   49 The Sanzer Kloiz   49 The “Yad-Charutsim” (diligent hands) Synagogue   50 The Sadiagor Klaus; the Bes Medrash of the Admor of Dinev   51 The prayer house of the Admor of Bukowsk, that of the Mizrachi   The Minyan (regular prayer quorum) of Rav Shalom Katz   52 The Minyan of Rabbi Dym   53 Prayer houses of the Chassidim of Belz and Bobov   54 Sanok with its assembly halls Shalom Kramer 55 Jewish educational institutions in Sanok – The Talmud Torah E. Sharbit 58 The Yeshivah of Rabbi Dym   64 The Hebrew school “Sofoh Brura” (clear language orspeech)   65 The beginning of modern religious education in Sanok Eliyahu Berger 68 The improved Cheder   The “Yavneh” school of the Mizrachi in Sanok   The advanced Yeshivah “Bne Torah” in Sanok founded by Rabbi Meier Schapira E. Sharbit 69 The “Bes Yacov” girls school   73 On the Gymnasium Bench in Sanok Gershon Givoni Pipe 74 Jewish graduates of the government gymnasium in Sanok Ozer & Gershon Pipe 78 The “Kumerciam” school for trade and book-keeping Chayah Reiser-Fenig 82   Pastors, Parnessim and Public Servants Rabbis & Dayanim in the last century in Sanok   85 Rabbi Yechiel Kiehl   85 Rabbi Arye-Leibusch Frankel Rabbi Alter Meier 87 Dayan Schimshon-Michel Feller Rabbi Alter Meier 87 Rabbi Yehuda Katz Ascher Bit (or Vit) 90 Rabbi Natan Nota Yacov Dym Rabbi A. Meier 91 Rabbi Eliezer Bremer E. Sharbit 92 Rabbi Yossele Horowitz H. Katz 96 Rabbi Yossele Horowitz Rabbi A. Meier 96 Rabbi Meier Schapira Avraham Dank 97 The period of the rabbinate of Rabbi Meier Schapira in Sanok E. Sharbit 103 The brothers – the Rabbis Avraham Abisch and Pinchas Schickler   109 Rabbi Mordechai Spalter Rabbi A. Meier 109 Rav Eliezer Sprung S.S. 110 Rabbi Chaim Raab   110 Rabbi Yacov Geldzahler   110 Rabbi Tuvia Horowitz   112 The Rabbi, the leader, the writer (To the memory of Rabbi Tuvia Horowitz) Yacov Katz 113 Rabbi Arye Leibusch Weill   115 Rabbi David Avigdor   115 The Rebbe of Dinov   116 The Rebbe of Bukowsk Rav David Schapira   121 The Rebbe of Bukowsk Rav Alter Reuven Schapira E. Sharbit 125   Shochetim (Ritual slaughterers) in Sanok R' Shlomo Grossman   128 R' Chaim Schwerd   129 R' Shalom Rosenfeld   130 R' Pinchas Yosef Miller   131 R' Yossele Sh”ub   131 R' David Zuckerman, the town Chazan A. Lerner 132 R' Mordechai Ascher   133 R' Ascher Anshel Wachtel Zev Tal (Wachtel) 133 R' Benzion Feller   133 Mr. Alexander Kimmel   134 R' Mordechai Sternberg   134 R' Menachem Shmarlobiski   135 R' Yacov Toder   135 Dr. Shlomo Roemer Yisrael Lembach 136 Dr. Yitzchok Nehmer and his wife Fanny   Dr. Nehmer – the man and the public worker Yaffa Lerner 138 To his image Zashe Kamfler-Leif 139 Dr. Shmuel Ohrenstein and his wife Zahava (Oren) Dr. Y. Oren 140 R' Tzvi (Hirschele) Abat Yosef Abt 143   Organisations & Federations Early days of national activity amongst Sanok youth Dr. Yisrael Sobel 147 The Keren Kayemet Leyisrael in Sanok   The History of the activities of the Jewish National Fund in our City E. Sharbit 149 Activity of K.K.L. in our town G. Givoni-Pipe 151 The Mizrachi and Torah V'Avodah movement     The Mizrachi in Sanok, foundation and development Eliyahu Berger 154 The Organisation of the Mizrachi in Sanok in its work Uri Katz 159 The “Hitachdut” (Federation) & its organisation Arye Wilk 163 Regarding “Gordoniah” (??) in Sanok Moshe Rabbach 171 The Hashomer Hatzair Chapter in Sanok during the Years 1927–1937 G. Givoni-Pipe 175 The Movement of Hatzhar (revisionist) & Betar in Sanok Y. Alter, Y. Hal-Or, B. Lazar, A. Leschner 181 “Agudat Yisrael” Yiroel Trum 188 From Jewish sporting life in Sanok M. Rabbach 189 Jewish sport activity in Sanok Yosef Markus-Birndorf 192   We are going to Our Land The Experience of Aliya and Actualization in Sanok A. S. 193   Organisations of culture and Haskalah in Sanok “Folksfriend”, the Sanok weekly & its editor-founder Avraham Scheinbach E. Sharbit 198 The Federation “Ivriyah” Chedvah Blumenfeld 202 The “Yom-Tov-Blat”   204 The drama circles in Sanok   207 Pioneers of the Hebrew Language E. Sharbit 212 Writers, artists and craftsmen in Sanok   217 The painter Avraham Messer E. Regenbogen 218 Elimelech Zuckerman   219 Lending and other libraries   220   Economy, Business and Labor The Jewish economic life in Sanok Ascher Bit 221   Mutual Help & Social Work The Federation of “Yad Charutzim” (diligent hands) in Sanok Ozer Pipe 235 The Charity Fund “Tomchay Aniyim” (poor relief) Chaya Reiser-Fenig 239   On the spot charity activity R' Zushe Hasandlar (the cobbler) Arye Lerner 241 R' Reuven Lieber & his wife Ascher Bit 242 Sarah Kuehl Ozer Pipe 243   Existence and Events The plague in Sanok Eliyahu Berger 247 Happenings & adventures, parts from a novel Rivke Gurfein 249 The Minyan in our house, the house of R'Eliezer Rosner Chedva Blumenfeld 254 The Kosher hands of Zeide Shalom Kramer 255 From the legends of Sanok Shimon Toder 263 Jewish life in our town in a new novel in Polish G. Givoni-Pipe 265 Fragments of Memories Eliyahu Berger 268 Common cures and charms amongst Sanok Jewry Shimon Toder 271   Those who were but no longer are Names, details & eulogies on Jews of our town (alphabetic order)   275 S. Z. Pipe G. Givoni-Pipe 292 The Kanner family in Sanok   296 The woman Mrs Sosche Kanner Rabbi A. Meier 300 R' Shlomo Kramer Ascher Bit 302 R' Eliezer Regenbogen & his family Azriel Regenbogen 304 The brothers Shlome and Yitzchok Schiff Ascher Schiff 307 The engineer (or architect) Stanislau Scheinkauf Y.Lembach 311 Names of the departed and martyrs   313 My teachers and mentors Shimon Toder 322   The Holocaust and Destruction The Jews of Sanok during the Nazi conquest Hadassah Herzig-Lazar 327 The Shoah of Sanok Jewry Avraham Werner 331 Mother Along with Children Batia Ohren 333 The Jews of Sanok in the first days of destruction Ch. Katz 334 (Y) With patches on the skin A. Sotzkover 337 Sanok in the first days of the Nazi conquest Yehudit Rosenblum-Trasner 338 The great Bes Hamedrash goes up in flames H. Katz 341 What I saw with my eyes & felt with my flesh (Chapters of the Shoah of Bukowsk and Sanok Jewry) Yitzchok Zuckerkandel 342 “I look at you” Zev Schick 355 In the Sanok Ghetto – In the Zaslaw camp-on the train to Belzec Yaacov Gurfein 356 Twenty years on, it is after the flood Rivke Gurfein 362 A trip to a gray town of childhood Ron Adi 370 With their memory Tzvi Shamari 375 In the wheels of memory & remembrance Yacov Gurfein 376 On the catastrophe and awareness of the Shoah Rabbi Yitzchok Glickman 377 With our anguish and our memories Rivke Gurfein 380 The inheritors are melancholy Azriel Ochmani 383 On the way from a meeting of the Remembrance Z. Leif-Kamfler 385 Moments of thought & doubt on the eve of theRemembrance Gathering Rivke Gurfein 387   Expulsion and Exile In the exile of Russia and Siberia   393 On the way K. A. Bartini 394 The plight of expulsion, the way of exile & the pangs of Galut Menachem Ben-Moshe 395 From the memoirs of a refugee in Russia Azriel Regenbogen 398 With the mark of cold and frost Berel Rabbach 405 From the life of Jews exiled to Siberia David Shmarlobiski 406   In the bonds of life Aharon Kramer   411 With Yacov Rosenfeld Professor Dov Sadan 413 Scenery & man (in the company of Yacov Rosenfeld) Azriel Ochmani 416 R' Yisrael-Toshi Meier and his wife Wolkhele Rabbi Alter Meier 418 R' Shalom Shachna Meier Z. L. Ascher Bit 420 R' Alter Meier Z. L. E. Sharbit 421 Rabbi Alter Meier at seventy E. Sharbit 422 To the memory of Rabbi Alter Meier Y. Ben-Moshe 425 Rabbi Alter Meier Rabbi Professor Binyamin De Fries 426 R' David-Yoel Weinfeld   427 Rabbi Yitzchok Feller Binyamin Feller 428 R'Eliezer Schneebaum, Liba Schneebaum, Yisrael Arye Schneebaum Yekotiel Schneebaum 430 R'Yisrael Trattner-Brochi A. Lerner 432 Helena Tamari (Trattner) Yehudit Rosenblum 434 Arye Wilk Chaim Karpel 435 Freida Birndorf-Tropf Z. L. Chaya Reiser-Fenig 436 Menachem Aldobi Avraham and Tzvi Aldobi 437 To Menachem Aldobi (a poem) Natan Mark 439 R' Moshe Strenger Z. L   440 R' Naftali Sternberg Menachem Langsam 441 Dr. Yisrael Sobel Z. L. Eliezer Yisrael 442 On Yitzchok-Meier Gelender Rabbi A. Meier & E. Sharbit 443   On Professor Ben Zion Katz     The town prodigy Rivke Gurfein 446 Professor Benzion Katz (Benshalom) Yisrael Cohen 448 Benzion Benshalom Z. L. S. Shalom 449 Professor Benzion Katz (Benshalom) Z. L. Chaim Thoren 450 The publications of Benzion Katz Ascher Bit 451 Yisrael Lerner S. Kempler 452 R' Yisrael Wilk G. Givoni-Pipe 457   In the heights of valour Moshe-Yisrael Horn, Yosef Propper, Tzvi Kituri-Rauch, Mordechi Rauch, Kalman Shmuel-Rauch, Rina Schwartz, Shmuel Micah Tamari   463-466   (Y) The one time Jewish Sanok Towards the history of Sanok and surroundings Ozer Pipe 469 The town seen with a bird's eye view Yisrael Lembach 482 The offices and open buildings (shops?) on the Mitzkevitch St. Chaya Reiser-Fenig 484 In the Sanok government court Y. Lembach 487 The “Yad Charutzim” (see above) Ozer Pipe 489 Our Rebbes and their Chasidishe “Courts” E. Sharbit 493   (Y) Dr. Yitzchok Nehmer and his wife Fanny The man and the doer Yaffe Lerner 504 His image Zashe Kamfler-Leif 504 Isaac Wenig Yisrael Lembach 505 Dr. Shmuel Ohrenstein and his wife Zahava Dr. Julius Ohren 506 Sara Kuehl Ozer Pipe 509 Some Sanok characters Berel Rabbach 510 The Sanok weekly “Folksfreind” E. Sharbit 512 The typhus epidemic in our town Eliyahu Berger 514 Twelve folk tales from Sanok Dr. S. Bickel 515 Jewish life in Sanok during the Nazi occupation Hadassah Herzig-Lazar 519 Every hour, every day A. Sotzkover 523   (Y) With the Nazis A) Before arrival in Zaslaw B) In Zaslaw Mordechai Zilberman 524 The Destruction of the Community of Sanok Henoch Katz 536 A Dirge Aharon Ceitlin 539 Immortalising our heroes and their heroism Yaacov Gurfein 540 My children D. Sfard 541 The awareness of the Shoah Rabbi Yitzchok Glickman 542 To you, Sanok, after the liberation Yaffa Wallach 544   (Y) In Russian Galut and on expulsion Exiles, wander-paths and pangs of Galut Menachem Ben-Moshe 547 The Sanoker compatriot-circle in America Pesach Springer 551 Memories of my shtetl Bukowsk Yehuda Knebil 554   Zagorz Zagorz and its Jews Freida Birendorf-Tropf 559 Zagorz as I knew her Ascher Adamti (Rubenfeld) 564 I was a pupil in all of Zagors's schools F. Birendorf 565   Zarshin Jewish Zarshin Moshe Strenger 569 Avraham Bart Eliyahu Leshner 572 A list of deaths and martyrs of the Shoah in Zarshin   575   Bukowsk Bukowsk & its Jews E. Sharbit 579 When did Jewish life start in Bukowsk?   Economic life and sources of income of Bukowsk Jewry   Cultural life of Bukowsk Jews   Rabbi Shlomo Leib of Lantshia   582 The Tzadik R'Eliezer Weissblum (Reb Eliezer der Reisher)   583 The Admor and Tzadik R' Meier-Yehuda Schapira   584 The Admor and Tzadik R' David Schapira   585 The Dayan Isser Eisenberg   586 Rabbi Chaim Pinter   586 Rabbi Avraham Pinter   586 Rabbi Moshe Teitelbaum   586 Shochetim in Bukowsk   587 Memories of my town Bukowsk Yehuda Knebel 588 Shabbat in Bukowsk Yitzchok Zuckerkandel 590 Grandmother, possessor of a great soul Yehuda Shakadi 592 Rav Isaac Schwerd Yitzchok Zuckerkandel 594 The family of R' Pesach Dobres David Dobres 595 Commemoration of the martyrs of Bukowsk   597-598 Organisations of Landsmanshaft of those who come from Sanok Pesach Springer 599 The Organisation of exiles of Sanok & surroundings Tzvi Shmari 603 Resemblances and images   605   Additions & Omissions Sanok (An encylopaedic entry) Dr. Meier Balaban 613 List of the Jewish members of the Town Council of Sanok   614 To the history of Chasidus and the Sanz-Sadiagore feud in Sanok   621 The hymn of the Yeshivah Rabbi Meier Schapira 623 On Rabbonus and Rabbonim in Sanok E. Sharbit 625 The will of R' Eliezer Bremer   627 On the perpetuation of the works of R' David Zuckerman   631 On Dr. Mattisyahu Weinryb   634 To these anonymous Rabbi Moshe Kamelhar 635 Lectures & initiatives, speeches and speakers A.S. 636 On the public activity of A. Scheinbach   640 (Y) A few memories of the Jewish theatre in Sanok M. Rabbach 642 Crumbs of existence and being   645 An extract from the words of Yitzchok Messer   647 On R' Moishele Kanner   648 Those who were and no longer are (Continuation)   649 R' Yitzchok (Itsha) Kahn Arye Lerner 652 R' Yisrael Meier E. Sharbit 654 Rabbi Alter Meier A. Roter; E. Sharbit 654 On the activities of R' Yitzchok Feller Menachem Talmi; Yitzchok Feller 658 Arye Wilk T. Fenster 662 In the bonds of life (Continuation)   663 Zionist activities of Sanokers in America   666 Writings of Sanokers round the world   667 Table of names   673 Candles in their memory   686   Index of Names

Translator's Footnotes

1. These pages, prior to the main page numbering of the book, are numbered in Hebrew letters. I have numbered them in corresponding Roman Numerals. Return
2. There is a footnote in the text here, as follows: In this book we will use the accepted spelling of the city, “Sanok” (Samech Alef Nun Vav Kuf) in Hebrew and Sanik (Samech Alef Nun Yod Kuf) in Yiddish. Return
3. I translated from the Hebrew, and briefly checked over the Yiddish to see that it matched paragraph by paragraph. The Yiddish version extends through pages IX and X. The errata is only included in the Hebrew section. Return

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