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[Page 372]
Witness Testimonies from Refugees from Koło
Translated by Janie Respitz
On the morning of September 18th Koło was captured by the Germans and immediately officially informed that the entire Jewish population will be removed. At 8 o'clock a German soldier came to me and ordered me to go straight to the state grain barn, which I had managed. When I arrived, after only 15 minutes, an officer was standing with a watch in his hand and ordered me with the following words: “actually you should be shot and your skin transformed to ashes” and in a friendly manner gave me a strong smack on my shoulder with the handle of his revolver. They took the keys from the barn and told me to stand in front of city hall where all Jewish men between the ages of 16 – 80 were gathered, regardless if they were sick, weak or simply incapable of working. Everyone was divided in two work groups and sent to both bridges to work. The work continued for 48 hours without a break and took the lives of a few Jews. I often came into business contact with Polish Germans and thought highly of them. Here I was in shock. It could not have been different. They had to take a month-long course on how to torture Jews. There was so much cold sadism in their handling of Jews. We were startled by their seriousnshould know, this was all a welcome. The work was suitable for unqualified sappers. We all did the work with shot nerves. For the slightest subordination there were barbaric reactions. If we were found on the bridge we would be flung into the water; they encouraged us with phrases like the fish in the water will have a feast and other similar phrases, and when we were on the shore, they kicked us to death with their feet. A few people were shot, but it's easy to imagine
[Page 373]
the bitterness aroused in the Jews. Also, the exercises: fall, stand up! (To eighty-year-old seniors). Later, for a considerable amount of time, had to lie in the mud face down. (The mud was very deep especially after the rain). All the Jews had to smear mud on themselves. They looked like Purim actors. Beards and sidelocks were plucked, torn and cut. I did not see one soldier display an ounce of humanity. It is hard to assess all the types of torture they perpetrated on us. However, Jews later told me that certain soldiers tried hard to be original. By coincidence, one of my acquaintances, a Pole of German origin, removed me from a tragedy, with the excuse they were calling me to city hall because of my non-Semitic appearance and absolutely Polish first name and last. My German friend introduced me as a Christian (in city hall). I had to, with all the others, stand and listen to the speech of the leader. At night, the commandant sent two officers to accompany me home. When we crossed the bridge, the Jews were still working. The officers incited the soldiers to be more brutal. In the conversation between the officers, not embarrassed in front of me, they said the worst curses toward the Jews. They bragged about the number Jews they shot themselves. Early the next morning they were at my house carrying out a weapon –inspection. After the inspection, they took me, my 80-year-old father and over 70-year-old father- in-law for street work. After welcoming us with beatings, they took me and a few other Jews to the Jewish cemetery. We were sure they would shoot us since with boldness they assured us we will soon be in heaven.
At the cemetery there were two Poles sentenced to death. We dug a grave for them and right after they were shot, we buried them. That day and the previous day's experiences had such a fatal effect on me, at a certain moment I broke down in tears asking the officer to free me as my heart was suffering. His response was a screaming order: Stand up! I had to report to him myself that I was healthy. At exercise my friends dug a grave for me. However, most probably he reconsidered and left me alone. With pants rolled up to our knees,
[Page 374]
and the jackets turned inside out, singing various songs, we arrived in town. An hour after returning home, a civilian and two officers came and demanded a money -visit that evening. That day my father died of angina pectoris.
In October I was arrested as an “Eruvnik” together with a Polish notary. We sat in one cell. They beat us both the first night. The notary was beaten badly. They overheard his political ideas (which he was not careful when telling me). He died a few days later and I was released after two weeks.
All the Jews were spread out in hiding places. The mood was despondent. There was not one leader who could comfort us during these tragic times, no productive activity. Everything stopped, industry and business.
At the beginning of November, they confined all the Jews, approximately two thousand souls in barracks. My wife and child succeeded in escaping to Warsaw.
The name of this witness is not provided.
December, 1940
On September 18th, 1939 the town was occupied by the German military. They immediately issued an order placing the Jewish community outside the law and robbed them of all of their rights as citizens. On the morning of September 19th there were constant inspections of Jewish homes, ostensibly searching for weapons; they plundered and robbed everything of value. At the same time, they took all the Jewish men between the ages of 16-80 for sapper work, repairing the destroyed bridge over the Warta. Their treatment has no comparison in history, tortures, humiliation and executions. On September 20th they burned down the synagogue. The following orders became familiar:
Under the pretext of collecting donations for the N.S. Page they robbed Jewish businesses. They lived it up among remarkable Jewish merchants. Everyone had to go daily to futile forced labour. The attitude toward them was beyond every critique. Every day they would take Jewish workers and request all Jewish merchandise. Within a short time, all Jewish textiles, grain and haberdashery businesses were empty. By mid-October there was an order announcing that all Jewish livelihoods were under the threat of the death penalty.
In connection to November 11th, they arrested intellectuals as well as larger merchants. The situation of uncertain vegetation accompanied by uninterrupted robbery and violent acts, and a state of systematic extermination attacks against everything Jewish persisted until December 1st, 1939. It must be mentioned, the prices of food articles did not rise and remained at the pre-war level. On December 1st, all the Jews were divided. Some were flung into barracks and others into destroyed buildings. After being held for 7 days, everyone, under strict watch, was sent in sealed wagons to Krasnostov and Izhbitze near Viepsh. During the year 1940 Jews slowly returned to Koło, and lived a stagnant disorganized life, working hard in various unskilled jobs for the military regime.
To the Jewish Community in Koło
Translated by Janie Respitz
At a joint meeting of the board and administration of the Jewish community in Koło, it was decided to demand participation this Thursday in the Mourning and Protest campaign protesting the sad events in the Land of Israel.We are demanding of you, Jews, to lock your businesses and workshops today from 5-6 in the evening and participate in the memorial which will take place in the synagogue at 5 o'clock and the commemorative gathering which take place in the municipal theatre at 6:30.
The chairman of the board: Shloyme Gliksman; the chairman of the administration: Sh. A. Tkhurzh.
Koło, the fifth day of Av, 5689, August 29, 1929.
Comment: the women's section will be open.
An appeal to the Jewish population in Koło to take part in a protest against the sad events in Palestine.
Protest Demonstration Against the Events in the Land of Israel in 1929To the Jewish community in Koło! With respect for the bloody slaughter which was recently perpetrated by the Arab robber gangs against the young Jewish settlement, which despite its small numbers, heroically with courage united and displayed willingness for sacrifice, to protect its humane and national rights, the united committee calls on the Jewish community to participate in the protest meeting which will take place Thursday the 29th.
United party committee.
- A Memorial, in the synagogue, from 5 until 6:30 p.m.
- We demand on Thursday the 29th from 5:00 p.m. all businesses and workshops be closed as a sign of mourning.
“Zionist Organization”; “Young Federation of Israel” (Agudat Yisrael), “Labour Zionists”; “Mizrachi”; “Hechalutz” (The Pioneer); “Freedom”; “Herzliya”.
Translated by Gloria Berkenstat Freund
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The following landsmen [people from the same town], with their large contributions,
helped the publication of the book, Sefer Kolo – Five Hundred Years of Jewish Kolo.
Dovid Ford (Fordonski) – editor; Ayzyk Hanftwurcl (Geneva, Switzerland); M. Fatalowski and daughter, Sala, and son-in-law, Misha, Edzia Lewin (Brazil), Khevrus Avraham, Koler Memorial Committee in America, Abel Yarmisz (Bolivia), Avraham Kutser (Manchester), Minya Krakowska-Frenkel (Scotland), Lou and Chava Lewin (London), Manus Laks (Vienna), Wolkowicz (New York) and Hanya Englelman (Paris), Nakhum Zlotnicki (London). |
| Surname | Given name | Place | Remarks |
| BRAM | Aron | New York, N.Y. | |
| BLEICH | George | New York, N.Y. | |
| BRAND | Rubin | New York, N.Y. | |
| BRAND | Irving | New York, N.Y. | |
| SARNDORF (SLIFKA) | Abe | New York, N.Y. | |
| SARNDORF | Ben | New York, N.Y. | |
| NIEM (FELDMAN) | Jenie | New York, N.Y. | |
| FOGEL | Harry | New York, N.Y. | |
| FERNBACH | Harry | New York, N.Y. | |
| FUKS | George | New York, N.Y. | |
| GOTLIBOWSKI | Henry | New York, N.Y. | |
| HARCZYK | Abram | New York, N.Y. | |
| JAKUBOWICZ | Jacob | New York, N.Y. | |
| KARO | Moyshe | New York, N.Y. | |
| KEMPINSKI | Michal | New York, N.Y. | |
| KEMPINSKI | Mordche | New York, N.Y. | |
| KLEIN | Abram A. | New York, N.Y. | |
| KOSKI | Max | New York, N.Y. | |
| KONINSKI | Josef | New York, N.Y. | |
| KRAUSS | Moyshe | New York, N.Y. | |
| LEWIN | Abram | New York, N.Y. | |
| MARKOWSKI | Alje | New York, N.Y. | |
| CANNON-MOCHOROWSKI | M. | New York, N.Y. | |
| MORRISON (MOCHOROWSKI) | Sol L. | New York, N.Y. | |
| PODGURSKI | Harry | New York, N.Y. | |
| ROTKOPF (KAPELUSZNIK) | Lola | New York, N.Y. | |
| RZESZEWSKI | New York, N.Y. | ||
| RAUCH | Morton | New York, N.Y. | |
| RAUCH | Ralph | New York, N.Y. | |
| SILBERBERG | Abraham | New York, N.Y. | |
| URBACH (SKORKA) | Harry | New York, N.Y. | |
| WARSHAUER (ZALKIND) | Helen | New York, N.Y. | |
| WILLIAMS (WOLKOWICZ) | Harry | New York, N.Y. | |
| ZALKIND | Henoch | New York, N.Y. | |
| ZIMAN (RAUCH) | Bessie | New York, N.Y. | |
| SOCHECZEWSKI | G. | New York, N.Y. | Mrs. |
[Page 382]
| Surname | Given name | Place | Remarks |
| ZOCHLINSKA (PREIS) | Sara | New York, N.Y. | |
| ZULAWSKI | Zygmunt | New York, N.Y. | |
| ZIEMNIAK | Shloyme | Richmond, VA | |
| ZIEMNIAK | Alje | Richmond, VA | |
| GROJNOWSKI (KENIG) | Hanah | Chicago, IL | |
| LEWIN | Dawid | Chicago, IL | |
| LESMAN | Sam | Chicago, IL | |
| PIERNITRATZ | H. | Chicago, IL | |
| KUMER | Dobrysz | Toronto, Canada | |
| LIPNOWSKI | Luzer | Montreal, Canada | |
| WILCZYNSKA | Balcia | Montreal, Canada | |
| ZELMAN (ZELMANOWICZ) | Wolf | Toronto, Canada | |
| WOLKOWICZ | Norbert | Vienna, Austria | |
| MORRISON | |||
| ZULAWSKI | |||
| WOLKOWICZ | |||
| RAUCH | R. | ||
| NIEM | |||
| LESMAN | |||
| MORRISON | Rae | ||
| FOGEL | H. | ||
| URBACH | H. | ||
| WISNIEWSKI | B. | ||
| CANNON | |||
| CANNON GOTLIEB | |||
| GNOCIK | |||
| BRAND | R. | ||
| WILLIAMS | H. | ||
| RAUCH | R. | ||
| RAUCH | M. | ||
| BRAM | A. | ||
| ZALKIND | H. | ||
| KLEIN | A. | ||
| CORNDORF | Ben | ||
| WARSHAUER | H. | ||
| KUMER | D. | Toronto, Canada | |
| NIEM FELDMAN | T. | ||
| FUKS | G. | ||
| ZIMAN | B. | ||
| BLEICH | George | ||
| WILCZYNSKI | B. | ||
| LIPNOWSKI | Suzer | ||
| JAKUBOWICZ | J. | ||
| KEMPINSKI | Mordche | ||
| LESMAN | Sam | ||
| LEWIN | David | ||
| LEWIN | Abram | ||
| GRAJNOWSKI (KENIG) | |||
| CORNDORF | Abe | ||
| FRANKEL (PIERNIKARZ) | H. | Mrs. | |
| SOCHACZEWSKI | G. | Mrs. | |
| GROJNOWSKI (KENIG) | H. | Mrs. | |
| ZULAWSKI | Z. | ||
| WOLKOWICZ | Norbert | ||
| FOGEL | Harry | ||
| POGDYERSKI | Harry | ||
| KARO | Moshe | ||
| KOSKI | Max | ||
| KEMP | M. | ||
| KONINSKI | Joseph | ||
| MARK | A. | ||
| FERNBACH | H. | ||
| ZIEMNIAK | Alie | ||
| ZIEMNIAK | Szlome | ||
| ZOCHLINSKI | L. | ||
| MOCHOR | M.C. | ||
| KAPELUSZNIK | Lola | ||
| ROTKOPF | |||
| MORRISON | S. | ||
| ZILBERBERG | A. | ||
| GOTLIEB | H. | ||
| BRAND | D. | ||
| KRAUSS | Mosze | ||
| URBACH | Harry | ||
| FRANKEL-PIERNIKARZ | H. | Mrs. | |
| RZESZEWSKI | Abraham |
List translated by Judy Petersen
| Surname | Given name | Place | Remarks |
| AIMAN | Avraham | Tel Aviv | |
| ERLICH | Tzara | Tel Aviv | |
| YELOVSKI | Avraham | Tel Aviv | |
| EINFELD (SHULTZ) | Avraham | Kfar Saba | |
| AVRAMOVITZ (PRUST) | Luba | Rishon Letzion | |
| AIMAN | Yehoshua | Ramat Yitzchak | |
| AVISHALOM (SHULTZ) | Dov | Tel Aviv | Dr. |
| AVI-YONA (BERKOVITZ) | Ella | Tel Yitzchak | |
| EIZBITZKI | Ezra | Ramle | |
| ALBERT | Reuven | Haifa | |
| BRAND | Tzvi | Jerusalem | |
| BRAND-URBAN | Aharon | Jerusalem | Dr. |
| BRAND-URBAN | Meir | Ramat Gan | |
| BEN-SHEMESH | Dina | Herzliya | |
| BOTZKER | Aryeh (Leib) | Tel Aviv | |
| BARR | Shmuel | Moshav Adanim | |
| BRAM | Yitzchak | Tel Aviv | |
| BRODZIAK | Noach | Bnai Brak | |
| BAIRACH | Tzvi | Givat Rambam | |
| BENDLER-NASHELSKA | Esther | Haifa | |
| BIDENKOP | Zhenia | Ramat Gan | |
| BEHARAV | Dov | Tel Aviv | |
| HACHIM (EIZENROVITCH) | Barzili | Tel Aviv | |
| BORNSTEIN | Zalman | Rehovot | |
| BLANDER (LANGNAZ) | Tzila | Hadera | |
| BAUMBERG (WOLKOVITCH) | Sarah | Jerusalem | |
| BEREZSHINSKI | Ramat Gan | ||
| BERGMAN | Michael | Kiryat Borochov | |
| BUTSHAN | Moshe | Neve Yisrael | |
| BACHORSKI | Yakov | Yokneam | |
| BERNAT (CHAIM) | Chava | Haifa | |
| BEN-MOSHE | Mordechai (Tofche) | Tel Aviv | |
| GLIKSMAN | Yechezkel | Tel Aviv | |
| GRADUS | David | Karkur | |
| GRADUS | Yakov | Karkor | his wife is Channah LACHMAN |
| GRADUS | Tzvi | Binyamina | |
| GROSMAN | Yakov | Tel Aviv | |
| GLOBINSKI | Channah | Ramat Gan | |
| GNOCIK | Yechiel | Haifa | |
| GUTMAN (TREIBER) | Nechama | Haifa | |
| GLIKSMAN | Aharon | Haifa | |
| GLIKSMAN | Avraham | Kiryat Chaim |
[Page 384]
| Surname | Given name | Place | Remarks |
| DUVDEVANI (KIRSCHBAUM) | Eliahu | Tel Aviv | |
| DAVIDOVITCH | Avraham | Haifa | |
| DOBSHINSKA (TZUKERMAN) | Devora | Beit Hashita | |
| DOBSHINSKA | Etta | Haifa | |
| DOBSHINSKI | Yitzchak | Beit Hashita | |
| DEUTSCH | Avraham | Kiryat Motzkin | |
| DRORI | Ella | Pardes Hanna | nee SCHULRICHTER |
| HIRSCHBEIN | Chanoch | Holon | |
| HARAP | Avraham | Petach Tikva | |
| HEIMAN | Yehoshua | Givatayim | |
| HEIMAN (FUKS) | Ramat Gan | ||
| HALTER | Mordechai | Meshek Dafna | |
| HAMBURGER (FELDMAN) | Rishon Letzion | ||
| HIMMEL (COHEN) | Michal | Givat Brenner | |
| HIMMEL | Aharon | Jerusalem | |
| HIMMEL | Aharon | Yaffo | |
| HIMMEL | Mendel | Kfar Mishar | |
| HIMMEL | Michael | Kfar Bilui Hadasha; Doar Rehovot | |
| VELKOVITZ | Yehoshua | Ramat Gan | |
| VINBERG (VEINBAUM) | Moshe | Tel Aviv | |
| VELKOVITZ | Mendel | R. G. | his wife nee NEUMAN |
| VELKOVITZ | Getzel | Haifa | engineer |
| VINTER | Berta | Haifa | |
| VEIMAN | Hillel | Kibbutz Ofek near Haifa | |
| ZILBERBERG | Avigdor | Haifa | |
| ZALKIND | Mordechai | Haifa | his wife nee BRAND |
| ZHAZMIR | Tel Aviv | (IZVITSKI, Slomah) | |
| ZILBER | Tel Aviv | ||
| ZVIKELSKI | Gedalyahu | Holon | his wife nee BRENNER |
| ZILBERBERG | Meir | Netanya | |
| ZILBERBERG | Netanya | ||
| ZEIDLER (RITSHKA) | Tel Aviv | ||
| ZHOLEVSKI | Yaffo | ||
| ZHSHEVSKI | Eliezer | Kfar Saba | |
| ZALTZMAN (BITZKER) | Hinda | Karkur | |
| ZAHAVI (TREIBER) | Rakhel | Kibbutz Dafna | |
| ZEIDE | Mendel | Jerusalem | |
| ZILBER | Yosef | Beersheva | |
| ZALMANOVITZ | Bat Yam | ||
| ZALKIND | Michael | Haifa | |
| ZAYONTZ (SHUBINSKA) | Haifa | ||
| CHAROSTOVSKI | Shmuel | Jerusalem | |
| HAIM | Meir | Tel Aviv | his wife nee FARBER |
| TENENBAUM (FELDMAN) | Channah | Tel Aviv | |
| TCHORZH | S.A. | Tel Aviv | |
| TAZHIN (SAGIR) | Chaim | Givatayim |
[Page 385]
| Surname | Given name | Place | Remarks |
| TUBENFLIGEL | Avital Avraham | Ramat Gan | |
| TOPLUTZKI (SHUBINSKY) | Rakhel | Haifa | |
| TOBIAS | Abba | Tzfat | |
| TEMPLEHOF | Yurek | Haifa | Dr. |
| TREIBER | Haifa | ||
| YESEM | Ida | Bat Yam | |
| YAFFA | Leah | Bnai Brak | |
| ISRAELOVITZ | Rafael | Raanana | |
| ISRAELOVITZ | Givat Rambam | ||
| YAKOBOVITZ | Tel Aviv | ||
| YAKOBOVITZ | David | Kiryat Gat | |
| COHEN | Aryeh | Tel Aviv | |
| CHMIELNIK | Shlomo | Haifa | |
| CHMIELNIK | Moshe | Haifa | |
| CHMIELNIK | Avraham | Haifa | |
| LEVINBERG | Shmuel David | Tel Aviv | |
| LISAK | Tzvi | Kfar Mishar next to Gadera | his wife nee KROKOTZKA |
| LISHAK | M. | Ramat Yitzchak | |
| LEVIN | Tel Aviv | Mrs. | |
| LIPSHITZ (HANTOWERTZEL) | Hela | Tel Aviv | |
| LICH[T]ENSTEIN-WEINBAUM | Leah | Kfar Saba | |
| LENTZITZKI | Avraham | Ramat Yitzchak | |
| LESHTZINSKI | Bat Yam | ||
| LEVKOVITZ | Hertzliya | ||
| LANDSMAN | Reuven | Tel Aviv | |
| LEVIN | Aharon | Beit Yanai; Post Kfar Vitkin | |
| LACHMAN | Yehuda | Karkur | (Tova LESEK) |
| LESEK | Eliezer | Jerusalem | |
| LIPNOVSKI | Mordechai | Givat Rambam | |
| LITMAN | David | Nahalat Yitzchak | |
| LITMAN | Shimon | Jerusalem | |
| LUSTIG | Channah | Kinneret, Jordan valley | |
| LEIZER | David (Masha) | Tel Aviv | |
| LISHAK | David | Kfar Saba | |
| LIFT (KUNINSKA) | Esther | Haifa | |
| LEVINSKI | Chava | Ramat Yishai next to Haifa | (daughter of Meir GLIN) |
| LEVIDOR | Yosef | Kiryat Bialik, next to Haifa | |
| LEVIDOR | Yechiel | Kiryat Bialik, next to Haifa | |
| LEVIN | Kiryat Shmuel | ||
| LACHMAN | Tzeshe | Meshek Usha, Post Kfar Ata | |
| MICHAELI | Ben-Tzion | Hertzliya | |
| MESING-FREIMAN | Yisrael (Frida) | Petach Tikva | |
| MARGALIT (LANGNAZ) | Channah | Tel Aviv | |
| MARGALIT | Sender | Tel Aviv | |
| MOSHKOVITZ | Shlomo | Ramat Yitzchak | |
| MENCHE | Machne Yisrael | ||
| MOSKOL | Yakov | Tel Aviv | |
| MOSKOVITZ (LISAK) | Uri | Tzur Shalom, next to Kiryat Bialik |
[Page 386]
| Surname | Given name | Place | Remarks |
| MICHAELI | Moshe | Haifa | |
| MEROZ | Avigdor | Haifa | |
| MEROZ | Yehoshua | Haifa | |
| MINDEL (TREIBER) | Miriam | Haifa | |
| MORDOVITZ | Betzalel | Haifa | |
| NESHELSKI | Shmuel | Haifa | |
| NOBITZKI (PASHDETZKA) | Tzipora | Haifa | |
| NEIMAN | Shlomo | Haifa | (Lola ARCHIKHOVSKA) |
| NELKAN | Michael | Tel Aviv | |
| NEIMAN | David | Tel Aviv | |
| NEIMAN | Eliahu | Jerusalem | |
| NEIMAN | Chaim Tzvi | Jerusalem | |
| NEIMAN | Moshe Matityahu | Tel Aviv | |
| NEIMAN | Tzvi | Tel Aviv | (Sarah BOTZKER) |
| NADIR-ILOVSKI | Tzvi | Haifa | (Chava SHELDOVSKI) |
| SIVUSH | Haifa | ||
| SKUVRON | Yosef David | Tel Aviv | |
| STOPAI | Azriel | Givatayim | |
| SVIKA | Miriam | Tel Aviv | |
| SVIKA | Tzadok | Bat Yam | |
| SMOLENSKA-TZICHTINGER | Helena | Tel Aviv | |
| PORAT (PRUST) | Asher | Rishon Letzion | |
| FUKS | Yona | Tel Aviv | |
| FELDMAN | Pitek | Givatayim | (his wife nee MARKOVSKA) |
| FOGEL (KOREN) | Esther | Petach Tikva | |
| PARNET | Shmiel | Givatayim | (Rozh’ka TZORENDORF) |
| PALHANDLER (STAHL) | Rakhel | Ramat Gan | |
| PELTZ | Avraham | Tel Aviv | |
| FUKS | Gavriel | Kfar Saba | |
| PAPIRNI | Petach Tikva | ||
| PIZITZKI | Shimon | Beersheva | |
| PODCHALVNIK | Michael | Kfar Saba | |
| PODCHALVNIK | Moshe | Hertzliya | |
| PODCHALVNIK | Michal | Bnai Brak | |
| PODCHALVNIK | Shimon | Haifa | |
| PASHDETZKI | Pinchas | Haifa | |
| PASHDETZKI | Aharon | Haifa | |
| PINCHEVSKI | Holon | ||
| FOGEL | Yosef | Haifa | |
| PRASHNIK (LANGNAZ) | Mala | Tel Aviv | |
| FRADELVITZ | Shimon | Yokneam | |
| FLASH | Tzvi | Nahariya | |
| TZOLKOVNIK | Shlomo | Haifa | |
| TZAPELINSKI (KONINSKA) | Tzipora | Haifa | |
| TZORNDORF | Shmuel | Tel Aviv | |
| TZARLINSKI | Tel Aviv | ||
| TZADIK (TCHORZH) | Esther | Jerusalem | |
| TZERNIAK | L. | Holon |
[Page 387]
| Surname | Given name | Place | Remarks |
| KROKOTZKI | Aryeh | Kfar Mishor | |
| KONINSKY | Avraham Yakov | Tel Aviv | |
| KRANTZBERG | A. | Tel Aviv | |
| KINSTLER | David | Tel Aviv | |
| KINSTLER | Yitzchak | Tel Aviv | |
| KRISMAN | Tuvia | Givatayim | |
| KROKOTZKY | Betzalel | Kfar Mishor | |
| KLETZVASKI | Zev | Tel Aviv | |
| KONFTIN | Eila | Tel Aviv | (STERN Hinda) |
| KRAUZCHAR | Aryeh | Petach Tikva | his wife ERBER |
| KRAUZCHAR | Shmuel | Petach Tikva | |
| KORETZ | Aharon | Haifa | |
| KORZETZ | Shlomo | Ein Harod | (Chaviva LACHMAN) |
| KOSOVSKY | Gronem | Tel Aviv | (Y. BOTZKER) |
| KUTNER | Yeshayahu | Tel Aviv | (Zahava NEIMAN) |
| KLEIN | David | Holon | |
| KUTZINSKI | Avraham | Raanana | |
| KINSTLER | Nachman | Kfar Avigdor | |
| KOREN (KORZHITZ) | Moshe | Kibbutz Geva | |
| KAUFMAN | Avraham | Bnai Brak | |
| KROK | Binyamin | Haifa | |
| KLISKI (DANILEVITZ) | Genya | Petach Tikva | |
| KONINSKY | Avraham Leibush | Haifa | |
| KAPLAN | Zev | Haifa | |
| KINDZHOR (TCHORZH) | Shlomit | Haifa | |
| KORETZ | Aharon | Haifa | |
| KRAMER (CHAIM) | Berta | Haifa | |
| KEDMI (PASHDETZKI) | Simcha | Nahariya | |
| KLETZVASKI | Dov | Haifa | |
| KREIER | Binyamin | Haifa | |
| KULSKI | Eliahu | Haifa | |
| KUNINSKI | Natan | Tzfat | |
| KLAPPER | Yakov | Yaffo | |
| ROTBARD | Yirmiyahu | Ramat Gan | |
| REICHERT | Azriel | Givat Rambam | |
| RINKOVITZ | Bella | Tel Aviv | (HIMMEL) |
| ROSENTHAL | Binyamin | Tel Aviv | |
| RIEMER | Rut | Tel Aviv | (AIMAN) |
| ROSENTHAL | Yakov | Tel Aviv | Rabbi |
| CHAIM | Reuven | Tel Aviv | |
| ROSENTHAL | Michael Yosef | Jerusalem | |
| ROSENTHAL | Avigdor | Jerusalem | |
| RITCHKA | A. | Ramat Gan | |
| RAUF | Fishel | Tivon | (Balbina NESHLESKA) |
| ROBB | Yosef | Netanya | |
| ROSENTHAL | Shraga | Haifa | |
| ROSENTHAL | Yehoshua | Haifa | |
| ROSEN | David | Haifa |
[Page 388]
| Surname | Given name | Place | Remarks |
| RAUCH | Zev | Haifa | |
| RESLER | Ramat Chen | ||
| STEINER | Mordechai | Hertzliya | |
| SCHWARTZ | Natan | Tel Aviv | |
| SHULTZ | Yakov | Petach Tikva | |
| SHIKA | David | Tel Aviv | |
| SHIKA | Yehuda | Tel Aviv | |
| SHATZCHINSKI | Yehuda | Tel Aviv | |
| SHERTER | Tel Aviv | ||
| SCHWARTZ | Chaim David | Yaffa | |
| SHEPSHEVITZ | Shimon | Yaffa | |
| SHULTZ | Chaim Elazar | Haifa | His wife KONINSKA |
| SHLEZINGER | Shmuel Eliahu | Ein Hod | |
| SHMUELI | Sara | Ramat Gan | (LANGNAZ) |
| STERN | Binyamin | Haifa | |
| SHULTZ | Yitzchak | Tivon | |
| SHLADOVSKI | Yitzchak | Haifa | and his mother |
| SHLADOVSKI | Meir | Haifa | |
| SHULTZ | Tzvi | Haifa | |
| SHIKA | Mendel | Haifa | |
| SCHWARTZ | Leibush | Kfar Ata | |
| SCHWARTZ | Yakov | Kfar Ata | |
| SCHWARTZ | Yitzchak | Haifa |
Translated by Janie Respitz
The “Memorial Books” are increasingly being published in various countries. Jews in various communities have sworn they would not permit their homes to be erased from God's world. They do not want to forget their place of birth where the cradles of their childhoods stood, where earth and sky were so familiar, from cradle to grave, life intertwined with so many near and dear ones, a life braided with the fibres of parents, tied together through love and sorrow.
Jews swore not the forget the old home. These Memorial Books are a result of that decision. Koło Jews in Israel repeated to themselves the words of Berl Katzenelson:
…Let us never forget. Let us remember eternally. Only by virtue of them, by virtue of the Jewish masses, did we arrive here. Only for their sake can we maintain a consolation light for remnants of Israel, for those who we left behind. Everything that will be created in the future, is the fruit of their prayers, their dreams, their efforts and struggles. Thanks to them, everything has been created or will be created.
Let us feel their belief and bravery in every heart beat.
We admire from a distance, the heroism of our brothers in Israel and we admire even more their creative enthusiasm, their enthusiastic tempo to rebuild. We are envious of the climate for cultural creativity, for the great Jewish scope, the collection of Jewish treasures, in order to increase and enrich the culture of our people. These Memorial Books are also a part of this cultural creativity, they are a link in the golden chain of this obstinate task, through thorns and dangers, to Jewish human eternity. It is burned and engraved in the commandment to survive: Although, the light of “I Believe” (Ani Ma'amin) and “Never Say Your Are Going Your Lat Way” radiates from the children of Koło Jews, who are being raised in cities and villages, Moshavs and Kibbutzim.
My heartfelt greetings to all the survivors from Koło and especially the members of the “Labour Zionist Organization”, “HeChaltuz” (The Pioneer) and “Freedom Dror”.
Yours, with heart and soul, Leyb Shpizman
New York, October 15, 1956.
[Page 390]
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| The Jewish Centre in Koło |
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