Zhovkva, Ukraine

Memorial book of Zolkiew
(Zhovkva, Ukraine)

50°04' / 23°58'

Translation of
Sefer Zolkiew

Editors: Nathan Michael Gelber, Y. Ben-Shem

Published in Jerusalem 1969

English Translation Prepared and Published by

Jacob Solomon Berger

Mahwah, New Jersey, USA 2023

Acknowledgments

Our sincere appreciation to Jacob Solomon Berger who has kindly donated
his original book to JewishGen for online presentation

Translations editing by Karen Leon

This is a translation of: Sefer Zolkiew (Memorial book of Zolkiew),
Editors: Nathan Michael Gelber, Y. Ben-Shem, The Encyclopedia of the Jewish Diaspora, Published: Jerusalem 1969 (H 844 columns)

Notes:

The complete translation of this book is also available here: Memorial book of Zolkiew

The original book can be seen online at the NY Public Library site: Zolkiew

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Foreword

Chronology of the Jews in Zolkiew	N. M. Gelbar
The City and Its Chronology		1
The Beginnings of the Jewish Settlement		10
In the Days of Sobieski and Radziwill		16
Internal Life		29
Community Organization		29
The Heads of the Community		38
*Rabbis, Dayanim, Maggidim, and Scholars*		45
Rabbis		45
Dayanim, Torah Scholars, Orators		49
Doctors and Pharmacists		57
Zolkiew in the Institutions of Autonomy		58
Sabbateans in Zolkiew		65
Printing Houses		71
The Enlightenment		103
During the Period of Emancipation		120
Zolkiew Families		144
Addenda		145
Footnotes		145
The Jewish Printing Houses in Zolkiew	Prof. M. Balaban	146
Chapters of Memories		152

Zolkiew in those Days	Joseph Zvi Buber	153
Rabbis and Teachers of Righteousness in Our City		153
Torah and Prayer in the Belz Kloyz		158
Kloyz Ziditshov in Zolkiew		166
The Lubiler Kloyz		168
The ‘HaLebakrim Kloyz’		169
Infants in the House of the Rebbe in the Kloyz of Belz		172
The Tashlich Ritual During Rosh Hashanah		174
Sukkot Without an Etrog and Simchat Torah		175
Working People		178
Jews in the Town		179
For the Sake of Wise Women		179
The Jews of the Propination		182
Jews in Banking		183
The Activities of Assimilationists		183
The People of the Villages		184
The Bishops Come		184
A Penny to the Pauper		185
The Zolkiew of Yesteryear	Yitzhak Tzimerman	186
Childhood Experiences	Yitzhak Tzimerman	193
Zolkiew In Prior Years	Moshe Stern	195
Zolkiew and its Streets	Zutra Rapaport	196
The Cemetery		207
Zolkiew in the Eyes of a Writer	Sh(olom) An-ski	209
Sightseeing Through Zolkiew	Shimon Samet	212
Simchat-Torah in Our City	Henya Graubart (Singer)	220

Movements and Institutions		222
The ‘Seekers of Peace for Zion’	Meir Zimeles	223
The Heads of the Zionist Movement	Y. Tz. Buber	225
The Heads of ‘Mizrahi’		227
The ‘Agudah’ and the ‘Mizrahi’		228
The ‘Poalei Zion’ Organization in Zolkiew	Zvi Fish	231
Beginnings of ‘HaShomer HaTza‘ir’ in Zolkiew	Penina Netzer (Katz)	231
The ‘HaShomer Ha Tza‘ir’ Branch	Shoshana Selakh (Harbster)	234
Israel, the Land of Labor	Michael Lichter	238
Regarding the Student Youth in Our City	Meir Lifschitz	242
Organization of ‘Stam HeHalutz’ in Zolkiew	Zutra Rapaport	246
With ‘Dror’ in Zolkiew	Yaakov Ne’eman (Neumark)	255
A Ship on a Mountain	A. Sh. Juris	257
The Revisionist Movement in Zolkiew	Pinchas Gils	259
The BETA'R Branch in Zolkiew	Batya Felsenstein (Zimeles)	262
The Drama Club in Zolkiew	Meir Melman	263
The ‘Ladies Auxiliary’ in Zolkiew	Henya Graubart (Zinger)	269
Management of the School Nuns	Tova Altschuler (Eikhl)	271
The Orphanage in Zolkiew	Tzilina Koninsky (Lisfeller)	272

Personalities		278
R’ Nachman Krochmal	F. Lakhover	279
A Letter from the Year of Independence	A. Ya’ari	285
The Hand of Joseph	Sh'ai Agnon	288
And this is the Style of His Headstone	Sh'ai Agnon	290
R’ Itzik’l Zolkiewer	Ze’ev Zahar	291
R’ Yitzhak Isaac of Zolkiew	D. Kh.	293
R’ Alexander Schur	D. H.	294
The Zolkiew Genius	Dov Sadan	295
The Scribe Joseph Chaim Brenner	Yaakov Ne’eman (Neumark)	309
The Portrait of a Man from Zolkiew	Rachel Kaldor (Eikhl )	310
Rebbetzin Rabinovich; Rokeach Family Shoshana Selakh (Herbster)		312
The Portrait of a Family	Aryeh Acker	314
Two Families	Y. D. Zahar (Zubl)	315
From Father’s House	Mordechai Astman	319
‘Tall’ Meir and Zisha ‘Klezmer’	Zutra Rapaport	321
The Furrier Trade in Zolkiew	Zutra Rapaport	324
Kulikovo, a Small Town Beside Zolkiew	Dr. Noah Griss	327
A. The ‘Just Sentence’ of Kulikovo		327
B. Moshe from Rawa-Ruska		328
C. The Hebrew Teacher		328
D. My Family Members		329
E. It is Hard to be a Student		330
From Hebrew Poetry	Moshe Oliphant	331
On the Mountains of Zion		331

The Holocaust and Destruction		332
Eli, Eli		335
In Memory of the Martyrs	Zutra Rapaport	336
The First News	Joseph Rosenberg	337
Aid for Refugees in Zolkiew	Moshe Herman	339
The Extermination of Zolkiew Jewry	Gershon Taft	340
1. The First Assaults		340
2. The Judenrat and Its Activities		348
3. The First Aktion		349
4. The Social and Cultural Supervision		352
5. The Activities of Education and Culture		355
6. Economic Life		356
7. The Second ‘Aktion’ in November 1942		358
8. Liquidation of the Ghetto		366
The End		369
Zolkiew During The Soviet Occupation	Benzion Benshalom	370
Zolkiew in its Decline	Joseph Rosenberg	373
Letters from the Ghetto		387
1. A Letter from Milek and Lunek Wolf – 4.6.1943		387
2. A Letter from Benzion Wolf, from Zolkiew		388
3. A Letter from Milek Wolf of Zolkiew		389
4. A Letter from Zolkiew Milek Wolf		390
5. A Letter from Lunek Wolf of Zolkiew		390
6. A Letter from Milek Wolf of Zolkiew From the Camp – ‘Janowski’ (Lvov)		393
7. A Letter from Genya Leider to Her Brother Mundek		393
A Letter to Bernard Fachman, in a POW Camp in Germany	From His Brother in Zolkiew	396
Aktion ‘Judenfrei’	Miriam Heller	397
The Beginning of the Rule of the German Conquerors	Chaya Graubart	398
1. The First Encounters		398
2. The Appearance of the City After the Retreat of the Germans		401
Zolkiew, My Alienated City	Rachel Kaldor (Eikhl)	402
Testimony		403
1. Witness Collection No. 1213	Giza Ptarniker	403
In the ‘Bunker’ Provider of the Testimony	Rachel Zimner of the Hecht Family	404
Number 794/1 1892	Joseph Hochner	406
1. The City of Zolkiew		406
2. The Relationship to the Jewish Populace During the Conquest		407
3. The First Methods of Oppression		408
5. Economic Life		410
6. Liquidation of the Ghetto		411
Our House is Transformed into a ‘Bunker’	Michael Melman	413

From the Depths	Klara Kramer (Schwartz)	419

To the Memories of Those No Longer Here		534
The ADMo'R Shmuel Rabinovich ז”ל	Zvi Oster	534
Dr. Meir Wachs ז”ל	Antonina Shtraich (Wachs)	536
Pap’keh Fish	Klara Kramer (Schwartz)	537
Sender Lifschitz ז”ל	Meir Lifschitz	538
Wolf Lichtenberg ז”ל		538
Berisz Ettinger ז”ל		539
Moshe Michael Rad ז”ל		540
Moshe Katz ז”ל		540
Moshe Sobol ז”ל		541
Mendl Metzger, ז”ל		541
The Young Ladies in our City		542
Klara Apfel ז”ל		542
Fried’ka Shtiller ז”ל		543
Chaya Zinger ז”ל		543
Regina Orlander ז”ל		544
Itta Vitlin, ז”ל		545
Sarah Orlander ז”ל		545
Feiga Baumwohl ז”ל		545
Brunya Cohen ז”ל		546
Ephraim Waldman (son of Borsz and Rivka) ז”ל		546
Shammai Rapaport ז”ל	Zutra Rapaport	547
R’ Zalman Shapiro ז”ל	Shoshana Selakh (Harbster)	548
What Zolkiew Looks Like Today	Shimon Samet	549
‘The Organization of Zolkiew Émigrés’ in Israel	Zutra Rapaport	557
A. In the Land		557
B. In the Diaspora		562
In Memory of Those Who Died in Israel		566
Ephraim Waldman (son of Zysza and Feiga) ז”ל	Z. R.	566
Malka Razieli (Schweitzer) ז”ל	Z. R.	567
Zolkiew Scions Who Passed Away in the Land		567

The List of Martyrs		569
The Inscription on the Headstone		572
Index of Illustrations		573

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