[Page 49]  

The Christians, who totaled around 5-6,000 people, lived in the suburbs of town, on the southern and eastern ends. They were divided into a number of communities: some were Katzaps, who lived on their own street called Katsap Street; nearby were the Gypsies, who lived on their own street, and on the eastern end of town lived a group of people called Moldovians who spoke Ukrainian.

[Page 52]  

On Patchatov Street

One of the few remaining photos of the streets of the town before the War.
From right: the house of Liventshuk;
left: house of Kolker.
Girls: right, Bettika, daughter of Devorah Speier, died in the Holocaust. The other girl is the granddaughter of Simcha Graber, who is also no longer alive.

[Page 62]

Jewish community leaders according to their position and time of service.

Hersh Weissman	1886-1910	Satsky [probably an abbreviation from Russian]
Yisrael Cooperman	1910-1918	Satsky
Hersh Weissman	1908-1912	Village Elder
David Schechter	1914-1917	Village Elder
Hersh Weissman	1918 -	Village Elder
Shimon Kaufman	1918-1920	Primar
Shmuel Weissman	1920-1921	Primar
Baruch Blank	1921-1923	Primar
Meir Horowitz	1924-1928	Vice- Primar
Yaakov Greenberg	1928-1929	Vice- Primar
Meir Horowitz	1929-1931	Vice- Primar
Yaakov Greenberg	1931-1933	Vice- Primar
Mottel Blomelstein	1933-1940	Vice- Primar

The last Jewish community council

Lipa Felberg, Chairman
Yosef Speier
Mottel Blomelstein
Itsik-Hersh Tchak
Avraham Axelrod
Zeide Zingman
Yeshayahu Lamatshinsky

Among the community leaders (beginning in 1923), the following died in the Holocaust: Avraham Saltsman, Mottel Blomelstein, Yosef Speier, Itsik-Hersh Tchak, Avraham Axelrod, Zeide Zingman; Meir Horowitz (father of the author of this article) died in Yedinitz before the war. Lipa Felberg and Yeshayahu Lamatshinsky died in South America; Yaakov Greenberg died in Israel.

[Page 67]  

August 1914. We moved to the new house we built near the church building in the center of town (in Torhovitsa). That same day we finished moving all of our possessions to the new house, and heard people talk about draft call-up notices that had appeared on the streets. In the evening, Alik the Cryer and a drummer announced that all citizens of a certain age group had to appear the next day at the draft registration offices. We, the children, ran after Alik and his drum even without knowing what the news was about. This "children's game" and the drum beats informed the town that World War I had begun. I was 7 years old.

[Page 83]

Standing : Avraham Weissman (died in Israel), Mina Dobrov (Tel Aviv), Shimshon Bronstein (died in Israel), Aryeh Bard (died in Israel);
Seated : Hillel Dobrov (died in Israel), Manya and Shalom Kaspi (Herzliya), Bat-sheva Kliger (died in Brichan), Moshe Steinbrotz (died in the USSR).

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Updated 24 July 2003 by LA