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[Page 181]
by Moshe and Yosef Shofman
Translated by Sara Mages
At the end of the First World War, we, a group of young people, joined the Zionist movement in Lutsk. Our first instructors were S. Zoitman, Gertibel, and H. Waxman. Our club was at the Kroinstik house. Like most Zionist youth we also aspired to immigrate to Israel, but we still had no training. In 1924, we established the branch of HeHalutz in our city. We were about one hundred male and female members, and we turned to Avraham Glicklich z”l with a request to give us a plot of land to establish the kibbutz on it. It was during the winter when we started to construct the building. We worked hard during the day, and at night we guarded against thefts because the gentiles interfered with our work. Until the building was finished we stayed at Mr. Glicklich's brick factory where we were hungry and froze from the cold. We were forced to “jump” home every once in a while to asked for something to eat. This situation was very unpleasant. We decided to work in any job as long as we could make a living and prepare ourselves for aliyah. In the winter we worked in chopping wood at the Jews' homes. In the first days we suffered badly from our parents. They claimed that we shame them because we are doing the gentiles' work. The first Jewish employers also did not like it but after a short time we proved ourselves. We worked better than the gentiles and also with devotion. We were not ashamed. On the contrary, we were proud of our actions and earned our wages. The Jews in the city praised our work and willingly accepted us to work. There were those who prepared meals for us and also helped us to arrange the wood after we finished our work.
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| “Ness Ziona” group |
Winter passed, the building was finished and we moved in. We saved the money we earned from our work and bought three horses and a cart. We also bought cows. We called our first horse “Rishon” [first]. We received quite a large plot of land. We cultivated the land and extracted crops from it for our needs: vegetables,
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| The first group of halutzim in Lutsk (1920) |
[Page 182]
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| Lutsk's halutzim in Hakhshara in Kostopol |
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| A group of halutzim with Chaim Shurer |
potatoes and also wheat and hay for the cows. In the summer we were hired for harvest work by Mr. Yosifov who had lands in partnership with a Christian. There, we worked also ate and slept. Christian farmers, who knew how to work well, worked for them but we did not lag behind them. After a few days we proved that we are not inferior to them in our work and our employer, the Christian partner, even praised us. He added and said that if we work in our country the way we work for him we would see a great blessing in our work. We stood the test. Everyone in the city knew that any work that is hard on the body - we perform it exemplary. The Great Synagogue in our city was built like a real fortress. In order to renovate it, it was necessary demolish the interior walls. We were given this job and we have done it. Avraham Glicklich z”l praised us for our courage. The work in the synagogue was difficult. Our hands were swollen for the first two days and there was a doubt that we could get the job done, but we did not give up, we overcame all the difficulties. We were young. There were Jews who objected to give us the work because they were not sure that we could cope with it. But, in the end, after we finished the job we got a pay raise as a token of excellence.
Mr. Leshner had a sawmill and we also worked there. The gentiles who worked there were healthy and strong and we were skinny Jewish boys. The gentiles looked at us and laughed in their hearts: who are those who will work in this arduous work? But we, the boys, whose only ambition was to be able to immigrate to Israel and build the homeland, stood the test there as well. We worked diligently and with honors until those gentiles admired us. Our whole mission was to prepare ourselves for the service of the people and the country, and to instill a love for this sublime idea in the hearts of the younger generation that would follow us.
We were loyal sons to our people already in Lutsk. When a fire broke out somewhere in the city, we would immediately hop on our carts and rush to help the victims of the fire. As is well known, every fire has a window of opportunity for thieves to steal, and there was no shortage of experts to the matter. We stood on guard so as not to let the thieves to carry out their plot. The head of the fire brigade also knew how to appreciate us and invited us in such cases to help maintain order.
The head of our group was Vitia Katz. Once, his father the engineer told him about the bridge that the government was about to build in the town of Targowica.
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| A group of Halutzim from Lutsk |
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| The branch of HeHalutz in Lutsk (1924) |
[Page 183]
He also told him that the Polish engineer is interested in accepting us for the work but, for some reason, he is unsure of us and afraid that we would fail. After many pleas and promises Vitia managed to get the job. We worked there for three months and finished with great success. At the end of the work a party was held in our honor. It is worth noting the spirit that pulsated in us, the first halutzim in Lutsk. The work on the bridge was accompanied by singing. “Hey Dubinushka1” [1] was one of the songs that inspired us to thrust the pillars deep into the river floor. And there were many such experiences…
We also had a carpentry shop and a well-developed and established farm. Unfortunately, our joy did not last long. One night the horses were stolen from us. The searches were to no avail. The theft was not returned. We also had difficult dilemmas on other matters. Life in the kibbutz among the members was not totally smooth. There were
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| The kibbutz in Klesiv |
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| Aliyah Company of Lutsk Halutzim |
disagreements, conflicts and even departures… However, finally the year 1926 came. We received the good news - the permit to immigrate to Israel. There was no end to our joy and many participated in it. The older Zionists held a farewell party for us. There were speeches and blessings. The representative to the Sejm[2], A. Levinson, wished us to arrive to our desired destination and not to return. Our group was the first to immigrate to Israel. Many came to accompany us to the train station. In the station they sang “Hatikvah” and raised the blue and white flag and the excitement was great. The Poles were jealous when they saw such a large crowd of Jews.
We were privileged to arrive in our homeland, but the heart aches for the great disaster that befell our people in the great Holocaust, and for our best sons who also longed to Israel but could not come to it and see its revival. Woe for those who are gone and cannot be replaced…
Translator's footnotes:
by Sh. Cwitman
Translated by Gloria Berkenstat Freund
“Forgive our many errors because this is our first bold step in the area of theatrical art,” – with those words a representative of the studio turned to the audience of spectators before the start. And actually – everything felt like the “first time,” both in the construction of the program and in its performance and particularly in musical and technical direction.
A director, an experienced hand, was lacking for the numbers performed. The musical numbers and the too-long entra'acte made a bad impression. There was no lack of beautiful halutzish [pioneer] and Jewish melodies that would have been more suited to the content of the revue than the dance music played. But any way you look at it, we had a revue, an attempt at a new art form that with its content, first of all, was different from the cheap cliches and street humor of other, similar performances.
The numbers Yidn Shmidn [Jewish Blacksmiths], Burlakn-tants [burlak is the Russian word for a barge puller; tants is dance in Yiddish] and Hora turned out fine and magnificent. All three – a symbol of work and belief in a more beautiful future. The dance couple, Hilda and Szczupak excelled. The scenes that depicted the Crusades that Jewry has been experiencing for thousands of years were good. H. Stawer excelled in his role, a fine portrait of our eternal tragedy of exile. May ko Mashmo Lon [What is the Meaning] – a very beautiful number, but weakly executed.
[Page 184]
The numbers, the Meshugener in Shpitol [The Crazy One in the Hospital] and Di Tsirk-atletn [The Circus Athletes] were not bad. However, both, in our opinion – a little in conflict the subject matter of the revue.
Yet, there were present a significant number of beautiful, rich-in-content Eretz Yisroel songs in Hebrew (completely pleasing) and Yiddish that, incidentally, gave the entire revue more character. But, as said, we must forgive the beginners a great deal. It was their first step and, in addition, we know the bad conditions of the studio in which they worked.
However, we believe in the youthful enthusiastic halutzim [pioneers] and await their future work.
(Volyner Prese [Volyn Press] number 7 [268] of 16 February 1934)
Translator's footnote:
by Sh. F.
Translated by Gloria Berkenstat Freund
It is Shabbos [Sabbath], lunch time. Shayndele, a halutz known to us approaches us and leads us around to show us the “opulence” of the kibbutz. First of all, we enter the office. A mountain of correspondence and newspapers. A young man is sorting the correspondence as if it is the post office, lahavdil[2]. This one is for the group, the letter – for this one and that fellow, a letter is from the central office, and so on.
From the office, one enters the dining room, which is large, spacious and bright. Near the wall – a large table with chairs on which young people sit at a meal. They are in a joyful mood. Two comrades serve the modest meal that consists of bread with potato purée, seasoned with a fried onion and…enough. Despite no stomach having a bottom, [they bear it].
From there we go over to the bedrooms: wooden bunk beds, with their own bedding. Clean bedding. The rooms, bright and clean. Our accompanier tells us that because of Shabbos the floor had not been washed.
We visit the magazin [storage area] where the possessions of the halutzim lay. There are also several suitcases that belong to the newly arrived comrades from Germany who want to travel to the “land” immediately after completing hakhshara[3].
A young man of short stature and in glasses but sturdily built runs by. This is a young man from Berlin who arrived at the kibbutz a week ago right from Germany. We stop him and carry on a conversation with him about the latest events in Germany. He is very cheerful. It happens that the fact that his parents were driven out of Berlin, where that had lived for 23 years, had no effect on him. He tells us nothing special. We already know everything from the press. He says, “But, the Polish Jews here are like perfect material.” It is evident that he has forgotten how “perfect” it is for the German Jews in Germany!
An agile and sturdily built young girl comes to us. She is from Danzig. She is named Shoshona. She has been through cold and heat. Born in Congress Poland. She is with her parents, [they] came to Eretz Yisroel during the fourth Aliyah [immigration between 1924-1928]. In 1929 – returned. [She] was in Frankfurt for three years; went to Danzig from there. Now she is preparing to return to Eretz Yisroel.
A second young woman comes, also from Danzig. She is named Zahava. She tells us that she feels happy in the kibbutz. She is an only child. At home, she would sleep until late in the day and the maid would bring her breakfast in bed. However, she persisted and left for the kibbutz where she feels exceptional and she washes clothes somewhere, also takes pride in herself because she feels that she is not a “parasite.”
One wants to hug all of the young people and to kiss them. They become so dear to us. With such idealists, the Jewish people have survived more than one Hitler.
Finally, we visit the kitchen where a modest lunch is neatly prepared and with a cordial Shalom we part from the young, dear and proud Jews.
(Volyner Prese number 20 (230) of 26 May 1933)
Translator's footnotes:
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