Koydanov

Koydanov before 1917

History

XII century	- first record about the settlement (that time name was Krutogorye).
Mid. XIII century	- Koydanov became a shtetle in Great Lithuanian Princedom (Magnum Ducatus Lithuanorum).
1241	- Lithuanian Prince Skirmunt defeated Tatar troops under the leadership of Balaklay;
1249	- Great Lithuanian Prince Mindovg defeated Rus and Tatar troops under the leadership of Koydan; Krutogorye became Koydanov.
Mid. XIV century	- Koydanov became a private estate of Great Lithuanian Prince.
1439	- foundation of Catholic cathedral;
1550	- King of Poland and Great Lithuanian Prince Sighizmund-August gifted Koydanov to Prince Nicole Radzivill Ginger as a center of Koydanov County.
2nd half XVI - mid. XVII century	- Koydanov County was the estate of eldest line of Radzivill family, the old castle was transformed into Calvin cathedral, Koydanov became a residence of Belarusian Protestants. Jewish population appeared.
1641	- two years public school was opened in Koydanov.
1655	- Koydanov was badly robbed by Cossacks and Muscovites.
1669	- became an estate of Nesvizh line of Radzivill family.
Since 1793	- in Russian Empire.
Since 1801	- a shtetle in Minsk District of Minsk Province.
1831	- Koydanov became an estate of State Treasury of Russian Empire.

Vital Statistics

Date	Number of Jews	Number of Non-Jews			Commentaries		Specific gravity in total population number
End XVI century					Jewish population appeared
1766	560		No info	Male adults only		No info
1847	2497		No info	Both sexes		No info
1859	1838				Total population		No info
1883	about 5000				Total population		No info
1897	3156	1588			Both sexes		66,5 %
1905	4696				Total population		No info
1917	2922	1118			Both sexes		72,3 %

Jewish Life

By 1910 there were:

- a synagogue;

- 3 praying houses.

Economical Review.

Traditional activities of local Jewish population were trade with grain, horses, cattle and vodka. Since early time small local rivers were main roads for Koydanov habitants.

During Russian principality, vodka trade was under state hard control and became less popular among Jewish businessmen. But Russian authorities did a lot to develop the region because of military and fiscal reasons mostly. First of all, old communications were reconstructed there:

road Koydanov - Nesvizh;

road Koydanov - Minsk;

road Koydanov - Ivenets;

road Koydanov - Rubezhevichi.

In XIX, because of development of the AllRussian Market, new types of communications appeared there:

telegraph station (1870s);

railway station [a station of Moscow - Brest railroad (1871)].

Since 1588 on, according to special privilege, given to Koydanov by king Sighizmund III, each Sunday big market took place. From the 2nd half of XIX century two big annual fairs were held on April 23 and October 1.

Main goods:

a) horses;

b) wool;

c) grain;

d) cattle;

e) fruit.

Here is the table of development of Koydanov in the 2nd half of XIX - early XX century:

Date of record	Number of houses
1859	234
1883	about 400
1905	318
1917	783

Here is the list of major business and trade enterprises of Koydanov and the Subdistrict for 1902.

Name of owner	Type of business	Nationality
Evenchik Abram Mendelev	Water mill	Jewish
Kesler Aron Shimonov	Water mill	Jewish
Klyachkin Movsha Ayzikov	Grocery store	Jewish
Levin Eydlya Mikheleva	Fabric store	Jewish
Sayet Khaya	Book store	Jewish
Sayet Yudel Samuilov	Pharmacy	Jewish
Sliozberg Yevna Nevakhova	Photoshop	Jewish
Stronghin Leyba Movshov	Match factory	Jewish
Zelsdovich Shmuil Kadvinov	Fabric store	Jewish
Zingher Mordukh Simkhovich	Grain & Bakery	Jewish

General cultural information.

In beg. XX century in Koydanov there were:

- a stone Orthodox church, built in 1850 in Byzantine style;

- an old wooden (larch) Catholic church with two towers;

- a stone Evangelic church;

- post office & telegraph station;

- a small hospital (10 beds) under Synod supervision. In 1896 there were 134 patients in the hospital, 121 of them were cured, 3 people died, 10 people stayed for next year, total costs were 2 635 roubles 00 kopecks;

- a public primary school;

- a pharmacy.