LOCATION OF CEMETERY: 1. Old cemetery F7; 2. New cemetery (Feudenheimer Strasse)
1. Mannheim 68159 F 7 (Detail: F 7 is largely a built-up area following WW2).
IN USE: From 1661 until 1839.
NUMBER OF GRAVESTONES:

• None. A few gravestones are now in the New cemetery (Feudenheimer Strasse).

DOCUMENTATION:

• 1890 probably a register or mapping of graves by Leopold Mayer on behalf of the Mannheim Jewish Community.
• In the 1890s copies of chosen gravestone inscriptions by the Mannheim Jewish Community for Leopold Löwenstein.
• Around 1911 photographs of 26 chosen gravestones dating from the 17th century, probably by the Mannheim Jewish Community.
• 1938 photographs of chosen gravestones, presumably by the Mannheim Jewish Community.
• Numerous photographs of individual gravestones and general cemetery views in Alemannia Judaica.

PUBLICATIONS:

• History by Löwenstein 1895, pages 79-80.
• 5 gravestone instriptions by Löwenstein 1895, pages 85,89,173 and 243.
• History by Mannheim 1901.
• History by Rosenthal 1927, page 104.
• History (page 187) and photographic overall view (fig.#144) by Hundsnurscher/Taddey 1968.
• History by Theobald 1984, page 79.
• History by Mannheim 1992, page 308-309.
• Franz Bernhard: Die Friedhöfe in Mannheim: Wegweiser. (LBI).
• Otto Simon: Die juedischen Friedhöfe in Mannheim. (LBI).

NOTES:

• Up to 1661 the cemetery in Worms was used for burials of Mannheim Jews (Hahn 1988, page 369).
• The cemetery was closed in 1938 by the order of the local authority. The remains in the 3,586 Jewish graves were exhumed and re-buried in a mass grave in the New cemetery. Only some of the then existing 1,113 gravestones were also taken there (Hundsnurscher/Taddey 1968, page 195, see also Mannheim 1992, pages 306-307).
• More information (in German) and photographs of the Old cemetery on the City of Mannheim website. (search for Jüdischer Friedhof ).
• A memorial plaque is now a reminder of this erstwhile cemetery Hundsnurscher/Taddey 1968, page 196.

SOURCES: University of Heidelberg and Alemannia Judaica.

2. NEW cemetery (Feudenheimer Strasse Mannheim 68167 (Detail).
IN USE: From 1840 and still in use today.
NUMBER OF GRAVESTONES: 4,743.
DOCUMENTATION:

• 1986 photographs of all gravestones and mapping of graves by Zentralarchiv.
• 2005 complete cemetery documentation including 1048 copies of gravestone inscriptions by a working group under the direction of Manfred Erlich on behalf of the Landesdenkmalamt (State Office for Historic Monuments) and the City of Mannheim, resulting in 2 CDs.
• Numerous photographs of individual gravestones and general cemetery views in Alemannia Judaica.

PUBLICATIONS:

• History by Rosenthal 1938, page 16.
• History by Watzinger 1963.
• Photographic overall view by Hundsnurscher/Taddey 1968, figs. # 138-142.
• Photographic overall view by Theobald 1984, page 96.
• History by Mannheim 1987, page 62.
• History (pages 305-311), copies of gravestone inscriptions with description of graves and biographies of prominent Deceased (pages 311-332) by Mannheim 1992.

NOTES:

• The mass grave with the remains in the 3,586 Jewish graves exhumed in the Old cemetery (above) is situated near the entrance of the New cemetery. (Photographs in Alemannia Judaica) including the gravestone of Lemle Moses amongst the few removed from the Old cemetery.
• A prayer room and a mortuary were built in 1900 near the cemetery entrance, to replace earlier buildings, which were blown up on 10 November 1938. One of the buildings adjoining the original prayer room was restored in 1954 and now serves as the cemetery hall.
• A memorial stone was erected in 1954 near the cemetery entrance with the inscription: Denen, die kein Grab fanden" aufgestellt (For those who have no place of rest).

SOURCES: University of Heidelberg and Alemannia Judaica.

LOCATION OF CEMETERIES: 1. Scheffelstrasse and 2. Talstrasse
1. Close to Scheffelstrasse 33 (Detail).
IN USE: From 1858 until 1900. Oldest gravestone dated 1861, youngest dated 1897.
NUMBER OF GRAVESTONES: 53.
DOCUMENTATION:

• 1986 photographs of all gravestones with mapping of graves by Zentralarchiv.
• 1993 complete cemetery documentation including above photographs by the Office for Historic Monuments (Landesdenkmalamt, ed. Monika Preuss).
• Numerous photographs of individual gravestones and general cemetery views in Alemannia Judaica.

PUBLICATIONS:

• History by Watzinger 1965, page15.
• History by Mannheim 1987, page 63.
• Photographic overall view of cemetery by Hundsnurscher/Taddey 1968.
• Theobald 1984: history page 79; photographic overall view page 96.

NOTES:

• Prior to 1858 burials took place in the Hemsbach cemetery (Hahn 1988, page 365).

SOURCES: University of Heidelberg and Alemannia Judaica.

2. Talstrasse (Detail), adjoining Feudenheim City general cemetery.
IN USE: From 1900 until 1941. Oldest gravestone dated 1901, youngest 1941.
NUMBER OF GRAVESTONES: 19.
DOCUMENTATION:

• 1986 photographs of all gravestones with mapping of graves by Zentralarchiv.
• 1993 cemetery documentation including above photographs by the Office for Historic Monuments (Landesdenkmalamt ed. Monika Preuss).
• Numerous photographs of individual gravestones and gneral cemetery views in Alemannia Judaica.

PUBLICATIONS:

• History by Watzinger 1965, page 15.
• History by Mannheim 1987, page 63.

SOURCES: University of Heidelberg and Alemannia Judaica.

DISTRICT: Rhein-Neckar-Kreis.
LOCATION OF CEMETERY: Friedhofweg - adjoining the City cemetery (Detail – follow arrow).
IN USE: From 1896 until 1935. First funeral 1897.
NUMBER OF GRAVESTONES: 22.
DOCUMENTATION:

• 1987 photographs of all gravestones with mapping of graves by Zentralarchiv.
• 1992 cemetery documentation including above photographs by the Office for Historic Monuments (Landesdenkmalamt ed. Monika Preuss).
• Numerous photographs of individual gravestones and general cemetery views in Alemannia Judaica.

PUBLICATIONS:

• Photographic cemetery survey by Hundsnurscher/Taddey 1968, fig.#147.
• Theobald 1984: history page 79; photographic overall view page 96.

NOTES:

• Prior to having their own cemetery after 1896, the cemetery in Wiesloch was used for burials (Hundsnurscher/Taddey 1968, page 197).
• A new general cemetery hall was built in recent years, above the Jewish cemetery area.
• There is a memorial stone in the cemetery, erected 1985, commemorating the murdered Jews of Meckesheim during the Nazi period.

SOURCES: University of Heidelberg and Alemannia Judaica.

DISTRICT: Neckar-Odenwaldkreis.
LOCATION OF CEMETERY: Between the current City cemetery and Kapellenweg (Detail).
IN USE: First mentioned in 1559 until 1935 and again in 1989.
NUMBER OF GRAVESTONES: 73. Oldest gravestone dated 1876.
DOCUMENTATION:

• 1986 photographs of all gravestones with mapping of graves by Zentralarchiv.
• 1992 cemetery documentation including above photographs by the Office for Historic Monuments (Landesdenkmalamt ed. Barbara Döpp).
• Numerous photographs of individual gravestones and general cemetery views in Alemannia Judaica.

PUBLICATIONS:

• Photographs of individual gravestones by Hundsnurscher/Taddey fig. #152.

NOTES:

• This cemetery was largely destroyed during the Nazi regime. There is a memorial stone dedicated to The memory of the dead Jewish fellow citizens of the City of Mosbach.

SOURCES: University of Heidelberg and Alemannia Judaica.

DISTRICT: Breisgau-Hochschwarzwaldkreis.
LOCATION OF CEMETERY: Between Schwarzwaldstrasse and Im Nussbaumboden.
IN USE: From 1850 until 1938 and again between 1967 and 1973.
NUMBER OF GRAVESTONES: 301. Oldest dated gravestone 1852.
DOCUMENTATION:

• 1989 photographs of all gravestones with mapping of graves by Zentralarchiv.
• 1995 cemetery documentation including above photographs by order of the City of Müllheim in collaboration with the Office for Historic Monuments (Landesdenkmalamt ed. Barbara Döpp und Renata Fischer-Hoffmann).
• Numerous photographs of individual gravestones and general cemetery views in Alemannia Judaica.

PUBLICATIONS:

• History by Kahn 1963, page 9.
• Photographic survey by Hundsnurscher/Taddey 1968, fig. #156.
• History in Müllheim 1978, page 36.

NOTES:

• An earlier Jewish cemetery between the 15th and 16th century is assumed to have existed on the Judenkirchhof (Jews cemetery) at the Mattfeld (Hahn 1988, page 152).
• Up to 1850 the Jewish community of Müllheim used the cemetery in Sulzburg for burials (Hahn 1988, page 152).
• There is a memorial plaque in the cemetery, formerly located in the synagogue, in honour of the seven Jewish soldiers who died during WW1.
• The capstone of the Arc of the former synagogue was re-erected in the cemetery after the latter was demolished.
• A monument was dedicated in the cemetery in 1987, containing a bronze plaque with the names of the 46 Jews from Müllheim and Badenweiler murdered during the Nazi era. The sandstone crown of one of the former synagogue’s small towers was incorporated in the monument.

SOURCES: University of Heidelberg and Alemannia Judaica.

DISTRICT: Reutlingen.
LOCATION OF CEMETERY: Buttenhausen – north face of Mühlenbergwald (Detail).
IN USE: From 1789 until 1942. Oldest legible dated gravestone 1802.
NUMBER OF GRAVESTONES: 399.
DOCUMENTATION:

• Mapping and register of graves since 1976 by Walter Ott.
• 1990 photographs of all gravestones with mapping of graves by Zentralarchiv.
• 1997 cemetery documentation including above photographs by the Office for Historic Monuments (Landesdenkmalamt ed. Michal Antmann).
• Numerous photographs of individual gravestones and general cemetery views in Alemannia Judaica.

PUBLICATIONS:

• Photographs in Württemberg 1932, page 67.
• History by Rieth 1973.
• History in Juden in Buttenhausen click info, museum and more.
• Eberhard Zacher: Die Juden von Buttenhausen: Alltag und Brauchtum, Verfolgung und Schicksal ; Leben und Untergang einer juedischen Minoritaet in einer württembergischen Landgemeinde pub Oberschulamt Tübingen 2001 (Reprint) (Deutsche Nationalbibliothek).
• Roland Deigendesch: Juden in Buttenhausen: ständige Ausstellung in der Bernheimer’schen Realschule Buttenhausen pub. Stadt Münsingen 2004. (LBI)
• Max Werner: Buttenhausen: the history of a former German-Jewish community; personal recollections and reflections (LBI).
• Guenter Randecker: Juden und ihre Heimat Buttenhausen pub. Stadt Münsingen 1987 (LBI).
• Alfred Fritz: Die Geschichte und Entwicklung der Juden in Buttenhausen 1938 (LBI).

NOTES:

• There are signposts with directions to the Jewish cemetery starting in the town centre.
• The gravestone of Siegfried Nördlinger dated 1943 probably marks the last grave.
• A memorial plaque affixed to a tree in the cemetery records the history of the Jews in Buttenhausen: Buttenhausen und seine jüdischen Bürger 1788-1942, including the deportation date of the last Jew from Buttenhausen on 22 August 1942.
• The man who restored the cemetery after the Nazi era was Walter Ott, a non-Jew of Buttenhausen, who speaks only German.

SOURCES: University of Heidelberg and Alemannia Judaica.

DISTRICT: Heilbronn.
LOCATION OF CEMETERY:
Kalbenstrasse adjoining the City general cemetery (Detail) and Concentration camp cemetery Kochendorf: see last Note below.
IN USE: From around the middle of the 16th or 1st half 17th century until presumably 1920.
NUMBER OF GRAVESTONES: 13 gravestones plus a few gravestone fragments. Oldest remaining gravestone dated 1659, most recent dated 1759.
DOCUMENTATION:

• 1989 photographs of all gravestones with mapping of graves by Zentralarchiv.
• 1991 cemetery documentation including above photographs by the Office for Historic Monuments (Landesdenkmalamt ed. Frowald Gil Hüttenmeister).
• Numerous photographs of individual gravestones and general cemetery views in Alemannia Judaica.

PUBLICATIONS:

• History in Neckarsulm 1985.
• History by Angerbauer 1986, pages 168 and 176.
• Photographic cemetery overview and photographs of several gravestones in Württemberg 1932, page 106.

NOTES:

• The Jewish community of Neckarsulm presumably used the cemeteries in Heilbronn respectively in Neudenau for burials during the Middle Ages.
• This cemetery was also used by the surrounding Jewish communities of Kochendorf and Oedheim.
• The cemetery was completely destroyed in 1942 and the gravestones used largely for road building purposes. In the post-war period a park was created where the cemetery had been and where the few remaining gravestones and fragments were placed (Hahn 1988, page 240). The former mortuary is still in existence.
• Concentration camp Cemetery: Kochendorf, now incorporated in Neckarsulm, was the location of an infamous concentration camp: Konzentrationslager Eisbär, one of the outposts of the Konzentrationslager Natzweiler-Struthof, established in 1944. It held up to 1700 prisoners who were marched by the SS to the Dachau concentration camp on the Death March in 1945 to evade the advancing US army. It is estimated that more than 400 of the prisoners died on the march. This concentration camp also had its own cemetery KZ-Friedhof, Amorbach in Neckarsulm. At that time this locality was in the back of beyond. Under the supervision of the French war graves commission lengthy re-burials took place. In 1953 the approximate cemetery area was enclosed by a wall and a cross was erected, which, in the first place, only referred to the deaths of 390 people during WW2, without spelling out the actual cause of death. This was rectified in 1983 when a new information board was affixed. No trace of the original concentration camp remains.

SOURCES: University of Heidelberg and Alemannia Judaica.

DISTRICT: Heilbronn
LOCATION OF CEMETERY: Eichklingenweg (Detail).
IN USE: From early 18th century until 1937.
NUMBER OF GRAVESTONES: 244. Oldest gravestone dated 1690.
DOCUMENTATION:

• 1988 photographs of all gravestones with mapping of graves by Zentralarchiv.
• 1997/98 cemetery documentation including above photographs and 52 individual of gravestone inscriptions by the Office for Historic Monuments (Landesdenkmalamt eds. Margaretha Boockmann jointly with Andrea Göldner).
• Numerous photographs of indiidual gravestones and general cemetery views in Alemannia Judaica.

PUBLICATIONS:

• Photographic overview by Hundsnurscher/Taddey 1968, fig.#160.
• History by Angerbauer 1986, pages. 96, 177 to 179.
• Photographic overview by Theobald 1984, page 97.

NOTES:

• Alemannia Judaica reports that a Jewish cemetery has existed in Neudenau as early as in the Middle Ages, first mentioned in 1492 as a central cemetery also for Jews from around Heilbronn, Wimpfen and from Swabia. This early cemetery was located outside the Upper Gate, acccording to the Neudenau Book of Jurisdiction. A levy in the form of Jews Burial Money was required to be paid by the heirs: 2 Guilders for persons above 20 years of age or 1 Guilder if below. These payments averaged to around 9 Guilders annually, based on 1667 numbers, on the assumption there to have had between 5 and 7 burials. On the other hand, there was no income recorded in 1667 of Jews Burial Money. This could have been due to the fact that there had been no burials during that year or that this levy had been discontinued. It seems that in 1667 only 1 Jew by the name of Manness lived in Neudenau. This cemetery from the Middle Ages is assumed to have subsequently been abandoned. Also mentioned in (Angerbauer 1986, pages 177-178).
• The present cemetery area was dedicated early in the 18th century. It contains some gravestones with legible dates of around 1715. An empty area, used during earlier periods, can no longer be identified in this cemetery.
• This cemetery was also used up to the 20th century for burials by surrounding Jewish communities, in particular the community of Billigheim-Ingenheim.

SOURCES: University of Heidelberg and Alemannia Judaica.

DISTRICT: Heilbronn.
LOCATION OF CEMETERY: 1 km outside village, beside Kressbacher Strasse (Detail).
IN USE: From around 1810 until 1934.
NUMBER OF GRAVESTONES: 101. Oldest dated gravestone 1812.
DOCUMENTATION:

• 1985 register of graves together with photographs and translation of selected gravestone inscriptions - school project by Norbert Jung.
• 1987 photographs of all gravestones with mapping of graves by Zentralarchiv.
• 1993 cemetery documentation including above photographs by the Office for Historic Monuments (Landesdenkmalamt ed. Barbara Döpp).
• Numerous photographs of individual gravestones and general cemetery views in Alemannia Judaica.

PUBLICATIONS:

• History by Jung 1985.
• History by Jung 1987a.
• Photographic over view by Hundsnurscher/Taddey 1968, fig.#196.
• History, register of graves, photographs and translations of selected gravestone inscriptions by Jung 1987b pages 9, 10, 40-77. (LBI).
• Norbert Jung: Spurensuche : Die Juden von Stein am Kocher 1988, 80 pages (LBI).

NOTES:

• The Jewish community of Stein am Kocher used the cemetery in Neudenau for burials, prior to having their own cemetery.
• The 'Standesbuch für die Jüdische Gemeinde Stein am Kocher' contains records of births, marriages and deaths from 1842 onwards.

SOURCES: University of Heidelberg and Alemannia Judaica.

DISTRICT: Main-Tauber-Kreis.
LOCATION OF CEMETERY: South-East of Niederstetten (Detail – Gewann Salmhof).
IN USE: From 1737 until 1939.
NUMBER OF GRAVESTONES: 478. Oldest dateable gravestone 1739.
DOCUMENTATION:

• 1989 photographs of all gravestones with mapping of graves by Zentralarchiv.
• 1996 cemetery documentation including above photographs by the Office for Historic Monuments (Landesdenkmalamt ed. Michal Antmann).
• Numerous photographs of individual gravestones and general cemetery views in Alemannia Judaica.

PUBLICATIONS:

• History by Stern 1928.
• Two photographic overviews and one single gravestone photograph by Württemberg 1932, pages 108 and 109.
• Eva Maria Kraiss: Bet Hachajim – Haus des Lebens: jüdische Friedhöfe in Wuerttembergisch Franken Künzelsau (2003) ISBN 3-89929-009-7(LBI).

NOTES:

• The cemeteries in Schopfloch (Bavaria), and Unterbalbach were used for burials prior to 1730. Between 1737 and 1741 the local Jewish community opend their own cemetery, which was last enlarged in 1933. Since 1730 an arrangement existed for the co-usage of the Weikersheim cemetery (Sauer 1966, page 134) (LBI).
• Initially a simple wooden fence surrounded the cemetery. This was replaced in 1859 by a massive stone wall, which cost the community 2000 Guilders, of which 654 Guilders were collected by way of contributions over the years. A further 477 Guilders were collected in in 1859, with the remainder being financed through a loan agreement.
• The Niederstetten cemetery was used from time to time for burials by the Jewish communities of Archshofen, Creglingen, Gerabronn and Mulfingen.
• The Chewra book of the Chewra Kadischa was maintained until 1928, with entries going back to 1741 (Stern 1929).
• The Jewish communities in southern Germany were alarmed in the autumn of 1929 by media reports about vandalism of the Niederstetten cemetery. The reports stated that 15 of the oldest gravestones had been besmirched on both sides with swastikas. This was the first reported desecration of a Jewish cemetery in Württemberg by Nazi thugs.
• The cemetery was also desecrated in 1993, when several gravestones were toppled and some besmirched with swastikas and the Star of David (Cemetery documentation, page 3).

SOURCES: University of Heidelberg and Alemannia Judaica.

DISTRICT: Ortenaukreis.
LOCATION OF CEMETERY: Michelbach outside Nordrach village (Detail).
IN USE: From 1907 until 1941 and again in 1977.
NUMBER OF GRAVESTONES: 30.
DOCUMENTATION:

• 1988 photographs of all gravestones with mapping of graves by Zentralarchiv.
• 1992 cemetery documentation including above photographs by the Office for Historic Monuments (Landesdenkmalamt ed. Monika Preuss).
• Numerous photographs of individual gravestones and general cemetery views in Alemannia Judaica.

PUBLICATIONS:

• Photographic survey by Hundsnurscher/Taddey 1968, fig.#. 170.

NOTES:

• The Rothschild Foundation (Frankfurt/Main) founded and ran a sanatorium in Nordrach between 1903 and 1940 for patients suffering from lung disease. It was for the patients who died at the sanatorium that the cemetery was created in 1907 (Hundsnurscher/Taddey 1968, pages 229-230). 29 of the graves are for patients who had died up to 1942. The last burial took place in 1977. There are information boards in the cemetery. The cemetery‘s mortuary is still in existence.
• A memorial plaque for the sanatorium’s founder, Baroness Adelheid von Rothschild was affixed in the spring of 2003 at the entrance to the building in Nordrach. It is assumed that this plaque was originally displayed in 1935.

SOURCES: Unversity of Heidelberg and Alemannia Judaica.