International Association of Jewish Genealogical Societies - Cemetery Project

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UKRAINE Va-Ve


VACHNOVKA: (German) see Vakhnovka

VAKHNOVKA I:     US Commission No. UA01560101
Alternate name: Vichnifka (Yiddish), Vachnovka (German) and Wachnowka (Polish). The cemetery is located at E outskirts, left of the road, behind the stadium. The town is located at 49º19 28º 51, 32 km from Vinnitsa and 20 km from Lipovets. Present town population is 1,000-5,000 with no Jews.           The earliest known Jewish community was 18th century. 1926 Jewish population was 2101. No other towns or villages used this unlandmarked Conservative cemetery. The isolated rural (agricultural) flat land has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road and crossing the village stadium, access is open to all. No wall, fence or gate surrounds the cemetery. The approximate size of cemetery is now 0.04 hectares. 21 to 100 stones, most in their original location, date from 19th to 20th century. Location of any removed stones is unknown. Some tombstones have metal fences around graves. The cemetery contains marked mass graves. Municipality owns Jewish cemetery property. Properties adjacent are agricultural, residential and the stadium. Occasionally, Jewish or non-Jewish private visitors and local residents visit. This cemetery was not vandalized. Jewish individuals within country cleared vegetation to 1941. There is no maintenance. Within the limits of the cemetery are no structures. Serious threat: vegetation (seasonal overgrownth of bushes and grass). Moderate threat: uncontrolled access, weather erosion (seasonal), vandalism, existing and proposed nearby development. Slight threat: pollution.
     Sokolova Eleonora Eugen'evna of 253152 Kiev, 5 Tychiny St., Apt. 68 [Phone: (044) 5505681] visited site and completed survey on 13/10/96. No interviews. Sokolova completed survey on 13/10/96.
VAKHNOVKA II:   US Commission No. UA01560102
     See Vakhovka I for town information. The cemetery is located at SW outskirts, Dzerzhinsky St. The last known Skvirskaya or Sadogurskaya Hasidic burial was 1941. No other towns or villages used this unlandmarked cemetery. The isolated rural (agricultural) flat land on a hillside has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all. A broken fence, but no gate, surrounds the cemetery. The approximate size of cemetery before WWII and now is 1.20 hectares. 21 to 100 common tombstones, most in their original location, date from 1921. Location of any removed stones is unknown. The cemetery contains unmarked mass graves or structures. Municipality owns Jewish cemetery property. Properties adjacent are agricultural, residential and the road. The cemetery boundaries are unchanged since 1939. Occasionally, private visitors and local residents stop. This cemetery was not vandalized. Jewish individuals cleaned stones and cleared vegetation to 1941. Now a regular caretaker cuts the grass. During WWII, the cemetery suffered military damage. Serious threat: seasonal weather erosion. Moderate threat: uncontrolled access, pollution and vegetation (seasonal). Slight threat: vandalism.      Sokolova Eleonora Eugen'evna of 253152 Kiev, 5 Tychiny St., Apt. 68 [Phone: (044) 5505681] visited site and completed survey on 13/10/96. Remeshevskaya Lidiya Ignatievna of 49, Dzerzhinskogo St. was interviewed on 13/10/96.
VAKHNOVKA III:     US Commission No. UA01560501
     See Vakhovka I for town information. The Autumn 1941 mass grave is located at old Jewish cemetery, E of the village. No other towns or villages Jews were murdered at this unlandmarked mass grave. The rural (agricultural) flat land, part of a municipal cemetery, has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road and crossing Jewish cemetery, access is open to all. A continuous fence with no gate surrounds the mass grave. No stones are visible. Municipality owns property now used for Jewish cemetery only. Properties adjacent are the land of the Jewish cemetery. The mass grave boundaries are larger now than 1939. Occasionally, private visitors and local residents visit. This site was not vandalized. Jewish individuals within country cleared vegetation in 1990 and spread the grave mound in the fence [sic]. There is no maintenance. Moderate threat: uncontrolled access, weather erosion (seasonal) and vegetation (seasonal). Slight threat: pollution, vandalism, existing and proposed nearby development.
     Sokolova Eleonora Eugen'evna of 253152 Kiev, 5 Tychiny St., Apt. 68 [Phone: (044) 5505681] visited site and completed survey on 13/10/96. Pakhotnuk Efrosiniya Mefodievna of 12, 60-letiya Oktyabrya Str was interviewed on 13/10/96.
VAKHNOVKA IV:     US Commission No. UA01560502
     See Vakhovka I for town information. The mass grave is located in Mikhailovsky at village SE. The Jewish mass grave was dug in Autumn 1941. No other towns or villages Jews were murdered at this unlandmarked mass grave. The isolated wooded flat land has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road and crossing public Mikhailovsky forest, access is open to all. A broken fence with no gate surrounds. 1 to 20 stones, all in their original location, date from 1950. Some tombstones have traces of painting on their surfaces. The site contains marked mass graves. Municipality owns property now used for Jewish cemetery only. Properties adjacent are forest. The mass grave boundaries are larger now than 1939. Occasionally, organized individual tours, private visitors and local residents visit. This site was not vandalized. Jewish individuals within country did re-erection of stones, cleaned stones and cleared vegetation in 1950s. Occasionally, authorities clear or clean. Moderate threat: uncontrolled access, weather erosion (seasonal), vegetation (seasonal) and vandalism. Slight threat: pollution.
     Sokolova Eleonora Eugen'evna of 253152 Kiev, 5 Tychiny St., Apt. 68 [Phone: (044) 5505681] visited site and completed survey on 12/10/96. Bogatov Viktor Alexeevich of Apt.13, 4, 60-letiya Oktyabrya str was interviewed [Phone: (071) 26346] on 12/10/96.

VALEDOTSOLOVO: (German and Slov) see Dolinskoye
VALEDOTZULOVO: (Hungarian) see Dolinskoye
VALEGOTSOLOVO: (Slov) see Dolinskoye
VALEGOTSULOVO: (German) see Dolinskoye
VALEHOTZULOVO: (Hungarian) see Dolinskoye
VALIATIN: (Ukraine) see v. Velyatin and Velyatin
VALYA GOTZILUY: (Moldavsk) (others) see Dolinskoye

VAPNYARKA: may be buried at Komargorod and Tomashpol
US Commission No. UA01390501
Alternate name: Vapnyarka (Yiddish). Vapnyarka is located in Vinnitskaya at 48º32 28º46, 19 km from Tomashpol, 20 km from Tulchin and 82 km from Vinnitza. The mass grave is located at E outskirts by railroad to Hristinovka. Present town population is 1,000-5,000 with 11-100 Jews.      The earliest known Jewish community was end 19th century. 1939 Jewish population (census) was 667. Effecting the Jewish Community were 1919 Pogroms, end 1920s. The Jewish mass grave was dug in 1942. Bessarabia (100 km away) Jews were murdered at this unlandmarked mass grave. The isolated suburban flat land has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all. No wall or fence, or gate surrounds the mass grave. The approximate size of mass grave is now 0.01 hectares. No stones were removed. The site contains unmarked mass graves. Municipality owns property used for mass burial site. Properties adjacent are agricultural. Rarely, local residents visit. The mass grave was vandalized occasionally in the last ten years. There is no maintenance. Vegetation overgrowth is a seasonal problem, preventing access. Water drainage at the mass grave is a seasonal problem. Moderate threat: uncontrolled access, pollution, vegetation, vandalism and existing nearby development. Slight threat: weather erosion and proposed nearby development.
     Oks Vladimir Moiseevich of 270065, Ukraine, Odessa, Varnenskaya 17D, Apt. 52 [Phone: (0482) 665950] visited site in 07/1994 in 04/1992. Interviewed was Kosiborod S.Y. of St. Vapnyary in 04/1994. Oks completed survey on 03/09/1995. Documentation: Odessa Oblast State Archive Fond P-2255, on. 1, d-1157, 1189, 1309, 1364.

VARKOVICHE: (Russian) see Varkovichi

VARKOVICHI I:     US Commission No. UA17060101
Alternate name: Warkowiziere (Yiddish), Wavkovieze (Hungarian), Varkoviche (Russian) and Varkovits (Ukraine). Varkovichi is located in Rovenskaya at 50º28 25º58, 26 km from Rovno. Present town population is 1,000-5,000 with no Jews.      The earliest known Jewish community was 18th century. 1939 Jewish population (census) was 886. The Jewish cemetery was established in the 20th century. No other towns or villages used this cemetery. The isolated rural (agricultural) hillside between fields and woods as no sign, but has Jewish symbols on gate or wall. Reached by crossing other public property, access is open to all. A continuous fence with non-locking gate surrounds the cemetery. 1 to 20 stones, all in original location with none toppled or broken, date from 20th century. No stones were removed. The cemetery has no special sections. Some tombstones have metal fences around graves. The cemetery contains marked mass graves. Municipality owns property now used for "other." Properties adjacent are commercial or industrial. The cemetery boundaries are larger now than 1939. Occasionally, organized Jewish group tours or pilgrimage groups visit. The cemetery was vandalized occasionally in the last ten years. Now, individual clear or clean occasionally. Within the limits of the cemetery are no structures. Vegetation overgrowth is a seasonal problem, preventing access. Moderate threat: vegetation. Slight threat: uncontrolled access and vandalism.
     Kirzhner Moisey Davidovich of Lutsk, Grushevskogo Prosp. 18, Apt. 38 [Phone: (03322) 34775] visited site on 9/30/94. Interviewed was Sergiychuk M.A. on 9/30/94. Kirzhner (Rovenskaya Oblast) complete survey on 09/30/1994.
VARKOVICHI II:     US Commission No. UA17060102
See Varkovichi I for town information. The Jewish cemetery was established in the 19th century. Buried in the cemetery is Doktor Bat with last known Hasidic burial was 1942. Jewish community was. No other towns or villages used this cemetery. The isolated, rural, wooded, agricultural hillside has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all. No wall, fence, or gate surrounds the cemetery. 101 to 500 common tombstones, most in original location with 50%-75% toppled, date from 19th to 20th century. The cemetery has no special sections or known mass graves. Municipality owns property used for Jewish cemetery and waste dumping. Properties adjacent are agricultural and residential. The cemetery boundaries are unchanged since 1939. Rarely, organized Jewish group tours or pilgrimage groups visit. The cemetery was vandalized occasionally in the last ten years. There is no maintenance. Within the limits of the cemetery is a pre-burial house with a chimney. Vegetation overgrowth is a constant problem, disturbing both graves and stones. Very serious threat: uncontrolled access, weather erosion, pollution, vegetation and vandalism.
     Kirzhner Moisey Davidovich of Lutsk, Grushevskogo Prosp. 18, Apt. 38 [Phone: (03322) 34775] visited site on 9/29/94 on 9/30/94. Interviewed were Sergeychuk M.A. on 9/30/94. This survey was completed by      Kirzhner Moisey Davidovich of Lutsk, Grushevskogo Prospect 18, Apt. 38 [Phone: (03322) 34775] on 09/30/1994.

VARKOVITS: (Ukraine) see Varkovichi

VARVAROVKA:     US Commission No. UA05560501
The mass grave is located at NW, on the land of building materials factory. Varvarovka is located in Zhitomirskaya, 4 km from Olevsk and 187 km from ZhitomiR. Present town population is 1,000-5,000 with no Jews.      The earliest known Jewish community was 1721. 1926 Jewish population (census) was 2916. Effecting the Jewish Community was Holocaust murder of 900 Jews. The Hasidic Jewish mass grave was dug in 1941. Olevsk (4 km away) Jews were murdered at this unlandmarked mass grave. The isolated rural (agricultural) crown of a hill has no sign or marker. Reached by crossing other public building materials factory, access is open with permission. A continuous masonry wall with a locking gate surrounds the mass grave. 1 to 20 stones, all in original location with none toppled or broken, date from 1980. No stones were removed. Some tombstones have metal fences around graves. The site contains marked mass graves. Municipality owns property used for mass burial site. Properties adjacent are commercial or industrial. The mass grave boundaries are larger now than 1939. Rarely, local residents visit. This site was not vandalized. Regional/national authorities did re-erection of stones, cleared vegetation and fixed wall in 1980. Occasionally, authorities clear or clean. Moderate threat: weather erosion and vandalism. Slight threat: uncontrolled access, pollution, vegetation, and existing and proposed nearby development.
     Kogan Leonid of Novograd-Volynskiy, Lenina St. 107, Apt. 42 [Phone: (04141) 54259] visited site on 24/06/1996. Kogan completed survey on 25/06/1996. Documentation: Zhitomir State Archive Fond 2636, op. 1, d 16 (p.245).

VARYAZH:     US Commission No. UA13090101
Alternate name: Warez (German) and Warez Miasto (Polish). The cemetery is located at W of town near the frontier post. The town is located at 50º31 24º6, 75 km from L'vov, 17 km from Sokal' and 16 km from Belz. Present town population is 1,000-5,000 with no Jews.      The earliest known Jewish community was 17th century. 1931 Jewish population was 640. The last known Hasidic burial was in WWII. No other towns or villages used this unlandmarked cemetery. The isolated rural (agricultural) crown of a hill has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all. No wall, fence, or gate surrounds the cemetery. The approximate size of cemetery before WWII and now is 0.60 hectares. 1 to 20 common tombstones, date from 1896. Location of any removed stones is unknown. The cemetery contains no known mass graves. Municipality owns property now used for agriculture (crops or animal grazing). Properties adjacent are agricultural and frontier post. The cemetery boundaries are unchanged since 1939. Rarely, private visitors and local residents visit. The cemetery was vandalized during World War II. There is no maintenance. Within the limits of the cemetery are no structures. Serious threat: uncontrolled access (free access). Slight threat: pollution, vegetation and vandalism. No threat: weather erosion, existing and proposed nearby development.
     Aberman S.E. of Apt. 2, 4 Novakovskogo St., L'vov [Phone: (0322) 724687] visited site and completed survey on 03/10/95.

VASCAUTI PE CEREMUS: (Hungarian) see Vashkovtsy
VASCAUTI: (Polish and Russian) see Vashkovtsy
VASHKOUTS: (Russian) see Vashkovtsy and Vashkovtsy 275600
VASHKOVTSY: (German) see Vashkovtsy 275600

VASHKOVTSY I:     US Commission No. UA25030101
Alternate name: Voshkavitch (Yiddish), Washkouts (German), Vascauti pe Ceremus (Hungarian), Vascauti (Polish) and Vashkouts, Vascauti (Russian). Vashkovtsy is located in Chernovitskaya at 48º23 25º31, 32 km from Vizhnitsa and 32 km from Chernovtsy. The cemetery is located 400m from village, left from highway to Vizhnitsa. Present town population is 5,001-25,000 with fewer than 10 Jews.      The earliest known Jewish community was 17th century. 1939 Jewish population (census) was 856. In 1848, Jews of Bukovina got political rights. In 1918, Bukovina transfered to Rumunia. In 1940, N Bukonina transferred to USSR. The last known Hasidic burial was 1990. No other towns or villages used this cemetery. The suburban and isolated rural (agricultural) flat land has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all. A continuous fence with no gate surrounds the cemetery. 501 to 5000 stones, most in original location with less than 25% toppled, date from 1892 to 20th century. The cemetery has no special sections or known mass graves. Some tombstones have traces of painting on their surfaces, other metallic elements, portraits on stones and/or metal fences around graves. Municipality owns Jewish cemetery property. Properties adjacent are agricultural and residential. The cemetery boundaries are unchanged since 1939. Occasionally, organized individual tours and local residents visit. The cemetery was vandalized during World War II and occasionally in the last ten years. Local/municipal authorities, Jewish individuals within country and abroad, cleared vegetation and fixed wall in 1946. Jewish survivors and contributions pay the regular caretaker from visitors. (Kosov 94) Within the limits of the cemetery are no structures. Vegetation overgrowth is a seasonal problem, preventing access. Water drainage at the cemetery is a seasonal problem. Serious threat: vegetation. Moderate threat: uncontrolled access and pollution. Slight threat: weather erosion and vandalism.
     Oks Vladimir Moiseevich of 270065, Ukraine, Odessa, Varnenskaya 17D, Apt. 52 [Phone: (0482) 665950] visited site on 12/8/94 on 23/08/1994. Interviewed was Ivanchuk T.N. Oks completed survey on 08/23/1994.
VASHKOVTSY II: 275600 US Commission No. UA25030102
     The last known Progressive/Reform Jewish burial was 1990s. No other towns or villages used this cemetery. The isolated suburban flat land has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all. A broken fence with no gate surrounds the cemetery. 501 to 5000 stones, most in original location, date from 19th century. Location of any removed stones is unknown. The cemetery has no special sections or no known mass graves. Some tombstones have traces of painting on their surfaces and/or metal fences around graves. Municipality owns Jewish cemetery property. Properties adjacent are agricultural and residential. The cemetery boundaries are unchanged since 1939. Rarely, local residents visit. The cemetery was not vandalized in the last ten years. Now, individual clear vegetation or clean occasionally. Within the limits of the cemetery are no structures. Vegetation overgrowth is a constant problem, damaging stones. Water drainage at the cemetery is a seasonal problem. Moderate threat: uncontrolled access, vegetation and existing nearby development. Slight threat: weather erosion, pollution, vandalism, and proposed nearby development.
     Hodorkovskiy Yuriy Isaakovich of 252037 Kiev, Vozduhoflotskiy Prospect 37A, Apt.23 [Phone: (044) 2769505] visited site in 07/1994. No interviews were conducted for this survey. Hodorkovskiy completed survey on 08/20/1994.

VASILKOV I:     US Commission No. UA09070101
Alternate name: Vassilkovo (Russian). Vasilkov is located in Kievskaya at 50º11 30º19, 32 km from Kiev. The cemetery is located at Sobornaya St. behind the church. Present town population is 25,001-100,000 with 101-1,000 Jews.      The earliest known Jewish community was 1799. 1939 Jewish population (census) was 3061. Effecting the Jewish Community were 1918 Pogrom and 1941-1943 Holocoust. The Jewish cemetery was established in 1969 century with last Progressive/Reform Jewish burial 1994. No other towns or villages used this cemetery. The isolated urban crown of a hill has no sign, but has Jewish symbols on gate or wall. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all. A broken fence with non-locking gate surrounds the cemetery. 501 to 5000 stones, all in original location with none toppled or broken, date from 1969. The cemetery has no special sections. Some tombstones have traces of painting on their surfaces, iron decorations or lettering, with bronze decorations or lettering, portraits on stones and/or metal fences around graves. The cemetery contains no known mass graves. The local Jewish community owns property used for Jewish cemetery only. Properties adjacent are forest. Frequently, organized individual tours, Jewish or non-Jewish private visitors and local residents visit. This cemetery was not vandalized. Care has been patched broken stones, cleared vegetation, fixed wall and fixed gate. Now there is regular caretaker Within the limits of the cemetery are no structures. No threats.
     Tsyauk Vladimir Trofimovich of Kiev, Kvitneviy PeR. 12, Apt. 95 [Phone: (044) 4176555] visited site and completed survey on 7/10/94. Interviewed on 7/10/94 were Turyanskiy Yakov Borisovich of per. Yunih Kommunarov 3 and Zvanskiy Vladimir Romanovich of Sadovaya St. 2 [Phone: 51169].
VASILKOV II:     US Commission No. UA09070102
The Hasidic cemetery is located at Dekabristov St. No other towns or villages used this cemetery. The isolated urban flat land has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is entirely closed. A continuous fence with locking gate surrounds the cemetery. Properties adjacent are residential. No stones are visible or removed. No known mass graves, maintenance, structures, or problems.
     Tsyauk Vladimir Trofimovich of Kiev, Kvitneviy PeR. 12, Apt. 95 [Phone: (044) 4176555] visited site and completed survey on 7/10/94. Interviewed on 7/10/94 were Zvanskiy Vladimir Romanovich of Sadovaya St. 2 [Phone: 51169] and Turyanskiy Yakov Borisovich of peR. Yunih kommunarov 3.
VASILKOV III:     US Commission No. UA09070501
The mass grave is located at NE part of town.      Living here was Jewish community R. David Nahum Tverskoy from Chernobyl. The last known Jewish burial was in 1942. No other towns or villages Jews were murdered at this unlandmarked mass grave. The suburban flat land, part of a municipal cemetery, has signs or plaques in local language mentioning the Holocaust. Reached by crossing other public property (the Jewish cemetery), access is open to all. A continuous fence with non-locking gate surrounds the mass grave. The approximate size of mass grave is now 0.01 hectares. 1 to 20 common tombstones, all in their original location with none removed, date from 1951. The site contains marked mass graves. Municipality owns property now used for Jewish cemetery only. Properties adjacent are agricultural and other mixed cemetery. The mass grave boundaries are larger now than 1939. Occasionally, private visitors and local residents visit. This site was not vandalized. Jewish individuals within country cleaned stones and cleared vegetation 1951 to 1992-regular caretaker The government pays the regular caretaker Slight threat: uncontrolled access, weather erosion (seasonal), pollution and vegetation (seasonal).
     Sokolova Eleonora Eugen'evna of 253152 Kiev, 5 Tychiny St., Apt. 68 [Phone: (044) 5505681] visited site and completed survey on 07/09/96. Beylis Vladimir L'vovich of 40/1, Parizhskoy Kommunny St. [Phone: (271) 51653] was interviewed on 07/09/96.

VASSCAUTI: (Ukraine) See Vashkovtsy and Vashkovtsy 275600
VASSCAUTI PE CEREMUS: (Hungarian) see Vashkovtsy 275600
VASSILKOVO: (Russian and Yiddish) see Vasilkov
VATUTINO: may be buried at Lutsk
VAYSBRUNNEN: (Yiddish) see Krinichanka
VAYSBRUNNEN: 1925-46 (Yiddish) see v. Krinichanka

VCHERAYSHE I:     US Commission No. UA05290101
Vcherayshe is located in Zhitomirskaya, 20 km from Ruzhin and 40 km from Berdichev. The cemetery is located at W, right from road to Chernorudka. Present town population is 1,000-5,000 with fewer than 10 Jews.      The earliest known Jewish community was 1784. 1926 Jewish population (census) was 1072. Effecting the Jewish Community was 1919 Pogrom. The Jewish cemetery was established in the 19th century with last known Hasidic burial 1982. No other towns or villages used this cemetery. The isolated suburban hillside has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all. No wall, fence, or gate surrounds the cemetery. 101 to 500 stones, most in original location with 50%-75% toppled, date from 1906. Some tombstones have traces of painting on their surfaces, portraits on stones and/or metal fences around graves. The cemetery contains marked mass graves. Municipality owns Jewish cemetery property and mass burial site. Properties adjacent are agricultural. The cemetery boundaries are unchanged since 1939. Rarely, local residents visit. The cemetery was vandalized occasionally in the last ten years. There is no maintenance. Within the limits of the cemetery are no structures. Vegetation overgrowth is a constant problem, disturbing stones. Serious threat: vegetation. Moderate threat: uncontrolled access, pollution and vandalism. Slight threat: weather erosion and proposed nearby development.
     Kogan Leonid of Novograd-Volynskiy, Lenina St. 107, Apt. 42. [Phone: (04141) 54259] visited site on 12/7/95. Interviewed were Pavlovskaya Betya Isaakovna of Sadovaya St. on 12/7/94. Kogan completed survey on 01/08/1995.
VCHERAYSHE II:     US Commission No. UA05290501
The mass grave is located at 600 m S from railroad station. The Jewish mass grave was dug in 1941 with last known Jewish burial 1942. No other towns or villages Jews were murdered at this unlandmarked mass grave. The isolated rural (agricultural) flat land has no sign or marker. Reached by crossing other public forest, access is open to all. A continuous fence with no gate surrounds the mass grave. 1 to 20 stones, all in original location with none toppled or broken, date from 1952. No stones were removed. Some tombstones have metal fences around graves. The site contains marked mass graves. Municipality owns property used for mass burial site. Properties adjacent are forest. Rarely, local residents visit. This site was not vandalized. There was re-erection of stones in 1952. Occasionally, authorities clear or clean. Moderate threat: vegetation and vandalism. Slight threat: uncontrolled access, weather erosion, pollution and proposed nearby development.
     Kogan Leonid of Novograd-Volynskiy, Lenina St. 107, Apt. 42. [Phone: (04141) 54259] visited site on 12/7/95. Interviewed were Pavlovskaya Betya Isaakovna of Sadovaya St. on 12/7/95. Kogan completed survey on 01/08/1995.

VCHERAYSHE: (Yiddish) see Vcherayshe
VEL'KY SEVL'YUSH: see Vinogradnoye
VELIKIE KOMIATI: (Hungarian) see Komiati

VELIKAYA MIKHAILOVKA:
     Alternate name: Velyka Mychajlivka, in Ukraine; in pre-Soviet times, Grosolovo, Groslovo and Grosulovo. Maps from the WW II era refer to the town by both names. Velikaya Mikhailovka at 47º04 29º52 is not far from the Moldova border, about 25 km NNE of Tiraspol and just N of Novopetrivka. The population is about 5,000 with no Jews. In 1897, the town had 2,088 residents, of whom 1,201 were Jewish. The Jewish cemetery is located about 100 feet from the edge of Molodyozhnaya Street, up a modestly sloping hill. Looking up the hill from Molodyozhnaya Street, the Jewish cemetery is to the left of a more visible Christain cemetery, which is separated from the Jewish cemetery by a ditch. Wheatfields and cornfields surround both cemeteries. There is a small wooden house and some small wooden outbuildings in the Jewish cemetery. The woman who lives in the house did not mind us the cemetery. There is no fence, gate, or sign marking the cemetery. It is easy to miss, unless one looks carefully. The cemetery contains about 30 headstones, all in their original position. Only about a dozen are legible. The headstones probably date to the late 19th and early 20th century. A few date from after WW II, including one from the 1990s. The inscriptions are in Hebrew and Cyrillic. The remaining stones are concentrated in one area of the cemetery, but the shattered remains of other stones can be seen in the vicinity, leading me to believe that the cemetery is now about 1/5 of its original size. (5 acres vs about 1 acre). No doubt many stones were destroyed or removed. Much of the cemetery is overgrown with thorny bushes making access to some of the stones difficult. It is evident that no one cares for it. Seldom, if ever, visited, it is littered with garbage. A synagogue used to be located in the center of the town, about one-mile away, but it burned down before WW II. Small iron gates surround a couple of the stones. There are a couple of obelisks. The stones are made of sandstone, granite and marble, I believe. There are a number of coffin-sized crypts with the tops removed and garbage dumped inside. Aside from the garbage, there is no sign of recent vandalism. My guess is that most destruction occurred in the WW II era. The intact stones are very worn, probably due to environmental factors (acid rain, etc.) There are no mass graves. The town apparently served as a temporary detention center and camp for Jews in the area during WW II, so there very well may be a mass grave nearby. I know of no documentation concerning this cemetery. I believe that no one except the villagers who live nearby is aware of its existence. The report is based on a visit to the Jewish cemetery that I made on July 19, 1998, with the assistance of an interpreter and driver I spoke with two residents: Anatoli Boyko of 54 Shkolnaya Street, and Luba Chukanova of 60 Karbysheva Street. I also consulted new and old maps, the book Where Once We Walked, and Jewish Encyclopedia, printed in Russia and in Cyrillic around 1913. Source: Donald C. Lockhart, 506 High Rock Street, Needham, MA 02492, 781-449-23336; e-mail: Lockhart@gis.net [2000]

VELIKE KOPANY:     US Commission No. UA06400101
Velike Kopany is located in Zakarpatskaya. The cemetery is located at E of village. Velike Kopany is 50 km from Mukachevo. Present town population is 1,000-5,000 with no Jews.      The earliest known Jewish community was 19th century. 1926 Jewish population (census) was 120. Effecting the Jewish Community were 1918 Zakarpat'ye transfer to Czech and 1944 feportation of Jews to the death camp. The Jewish cemetery was established in the 19th century with last known Hasidic burial 1943. No other towns or villages used this cemetery. The isolated suburban rural (agricultural) flat land has no sign or marker. Reached by crossing other public fields, access is open to all. No wall, fence, or gate surrounds the cemetery. No stones are visible. The cemetery contains no known mass graves. Municipality owns property now used for agriculture. Properties adjacent are agricultural and residential. The cemetery boundaries are smaller now than 1939 because of agriculture. Rarely, local residents visit. The cemetery was vandalized during World War II. There is no maintenance. Within the limits of the cemetery are no structures. Vegetation overgrowth is a constant problem, disturbing graves. Very serious threat: uncontrolled access and vandalism (agricultural work). Moderate threat: pollution. Slight threat: weather erosion, existing and proposed nearby development.
     Oks Vladimir Moiseevich of 270065, Odessa, Varnenskaya St., 17D, Apt.52 [Phone: (0482) 665950] visited site on /07/1995. Interviewed were Rozner N.I. of Vinogradov on /07/1995. Oks completed survey on 05/08/1995. Documentation: Short Jewish Encyclopaedia, volume 2, Jerusalem 1982; Encyclopaedia Ukraineznavstvo, volume 1-2, Kiev, 1993.

VELIKIE KOMIATI: (Hungarian) see Komiati

VELIKIE MOSTY:     US Commission No. UA13050101
Alternate name: Augustowa Ad Ratam (German), Mosty Wlk. (Polish) and Most Rabati (others). The town is located at 50º14 24º9, 45 km from L'vov and 32 km from Sokal'. The cemetery is located at town center, near the Orthodox cemetery. Present town population is 5,001-25,000 with no Jews.      The earliest known Jewish community was 16th century. 1939 Jewish population was 1400 with last known Hasidic burial in 1936. No other towns or villages used this unlandmarked cemetery. The isolated urban flat land has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all. No wall, fence, or gate surrounds the cemetery. The approximate size of cemetery before WWII was 2.25 and is now 1.20 hectares. 1 to 20 stones, none in their original location, date from 1876. Location of any removed stones is unknown. Some tombstones have traces of painting on their surfaces. The cemetery contains no known mass graves. Municipality owns property now used for recreational use (park, playground, sports), industrial or commercial use, and waste dumping. Properties adjacent are commercial or industrial and residential. The cemetery boundaries are smaller now than 1939 because of commercial or industrial development. Rarely, Jewish or non-Jewish private visitors and local residents visit. The cemetery was vandalized during World War II. There is no maintenance. Within the limits of the cemetery are no structures. Very serious threat: uncontrolled access (There is a town park on a portion of the cemetery. The trees destroy graves. (On the other part of the cemetery is the dump.) and existing nearby development Serious threat: pollution, vegetation and proposed nearby development. Moderate threat: vandalism. Slight threat: weather erosion.
     Aberman S.E. of Apt. 2, 4 Novakovskogo St., L'vov [Phone: (0322) 724687] visited site and completed survey on 07/10/95. Sen'kiv Olexa was interviewed on 07/10/95.

VELIKIY DAL'NIK:     US Commission No. UA15310501
Velikiy Dal'nik is located in Odesskaya. The mass grave is located at W of v. Dal'nik. Velikiy Dal'nik is 15 km from Odessa. Present town population is 1,000-5,000 with no Jews.      Effecting the Jewish Community were 1942 murder of 10,000 Jews from Odessa in the Getto in and v. Velikiy Dalnik. The Jewish mass grave was dug in 1942. No other towns or villages Jews were murdered at this unlandmarked mass grave. The isolated suburban rural hillside has signs or plaques in local language mentioning the Holocaust. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all. No wall or fence, or gate surrounds the mass grave. 1 to 20 common tombstones, all in original location with none toppled or broken, date from 1992. No stones were removed. The site contains marked mass graves. Municipality owns mass burial site property. Properties adjacent are agricultural. Rarely, organized individual tours and local residents visit. The mass grave was vandalized during World War II but not in the last ten years. Occasionally, authorities clear or clean. Vegetation overgrowth is a seasonal problem, preventing access. Water drainage at the mass grave is a seasonal problem. Moderate threat: uncontrolled access and vegetation. Slight threat: weather erosion, pollution, vandalism and existing nearby development.
     Oks Vladimir Moiseevich of 270065, Odessa, Varnenskaya St., 17D, Apt.52 [Phone: (0482) 665950] visited site on 5/5/87 and 9/7/94. Interviewed on 9/6/94 were Spektor N.S. and Brohman S.A. of Odessa. Oks completed survey on 02/15/1995.

VELIKIY ZHVANCHIK I:     US Commission No. UA22140101
Alternate name: Zhvanchik (Yiddish), Zhvancik (German), Zhvantchik (Polish) and Zwanchik (English). Velikiy Zhvanchik is located in Khmelnitskaya at 48º46 26º59, 40 km from KamenetsPodolskiy, 100 km from Khmelnitskiy and 94 km from Chernovtsy. The cemetery is located at N, right from road to Dunaevtsy. Present town population is 1,000-5,000 with no Jews.      The earliest known Jewish community was 17th century. 1926 Jewish population (census) was 950 with last known Hasidic burial 1962. No other towns or villages used this cemetery. The isolated suburban hillside has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all. No wall, fence, or gate surrounds the cemetery. 101 to 500 stones, most in original location with less than 25% toppled, date from 1852. Some tombstones have traces of painting on their surfaces, other metallic elements and/or metal fences around graves. The cemetery contains no known mass graves. Municipality owns Jewish cemetery property. Properties adjacent are agricultural. The cemetery boundaries are unchanged since 1939. Occasionally, organized individual tours and local residents visit. The cemetery was vandalized during World War II but not in the last ten years. Jewish individuals within country and abroad did re-erection of stones, patched broken stones, cleaned stones and cleared vegetation in 1945-50. There is no maintenance. Within the limits of the cemetery are no structures. Vegetation overgrowth is a constant problem, disturbing graves and a constant problem, disturbing both graves and stones. Very serious threat: vegetation. Moderate threat: uncontrolled access, pollution and vandalism. Slight threat: weather erosion and existing nearby development.
     Oks Vladimir Moiseevich of 270065, Odessa, Varnenskaya St., 17D, Apt. 52 [Phone: (0482) 665950] visited site on 3/27/95. Interviewed on 3/27/95 were Tkach E.M. and Beylik A.M. of Dunaevtsy. Oks completed survey on 04/05/1995.
VELIKIY ZHVANCHIK II:     US Commission No. UA22140501
     The mass grave is located at S, 1 km from center, near the road to Staraya Ushitsa. The Jewish mass grave was dug in 1941 with last known Hasidic burial was 1941. No other towns or villages Jews were murdered at this unlandmarked mass grave. The urban, located on flat land, has signs or plaques in local language. Reached by village road, access is open to all. No wall, fence, or gate surrounds the mass grave. The approximate size of mass grave is now 0.01 hectares. No stones were removed. The site contains marked mass graves. The common tombstones date from 1967. Municipality owns property used for mass burial site. Properties adjacent are agricultural. Occasionally, organized individual tours and local residents visit. This site was not vandalized. Occasionally, authorities clear or clean. Vegetation overgrowth is a seasonal problem, preventing access. Moderate threat: uncontrolled access and vegetation. Slight threat: weather erosion, pollution and vandalism.
     Oks Vladimir Moiseevich of 270065, Odessa, Varnenskaya St., 17D, Apt. 52 [Phone: (0482) 665950] visited site on 4/27/95. Interviewed on 4/27/95 were Tkach E.M. and Beylik A.M. of Dunaevtsy. Oks completed survey on 04 May 1995.

VELIKIYE MEZHIRICHI I:     US Commission No. UA17070501
Alternate name: Menzhichi (Yiddish), Menzyczy (German) and Kahan Mezyczy (Hungarian). Velikiye Mezhirichi is located in Rovenskaya at 50º18 26º29, 38 km from Rovno. The mass grave is located at NW near Marcet. Present town population is 1,000-5,000 with no Jews.      The earliest known Jewish community was 17th century. 1939 Jewish population (census) was 208. Effecting the Jewish Community were Khmelnitskiy's pogroms and World War I. The Jewish mass grave was dug in June 1942 with last known Hasidic burial Sept. 1942. Gorogische (10 km away) and Stolpin (10 km away) Jews were murdered at this unlandmarked mass grave. The isolated rural (agricultural) flat land has signs or plaques in local language and in Hebrew mentioning Jews and the Holocaust. Reached by crossing private property, access is open to all. A continuous fence with non-locking gate surrounds the mass grave. 1 to 20 common tombstones, all in original location with none toppled or broken, date from 1992. No stones were removed. The site contains marked mass graves. Municipality owns property used for mass burial site. Properties adjacent are agricultural. The mass grave boundaries are larger now than 1939. Rarely, organized Jewish group tours or pilgrimage groups, organized individual tours, Jewish or non-Jewish private visitors and local residents visit. The mass grave was not vandalized in the last ten years. Local/municipal authorities and Jewish groups within country did re-erection of stones, cleared vegetation, fixed wall and fixed gate in 1992. Occasionally, authorities clear or clean. Slight threat: uncontrolled access, weather erosion, pollution, vegetation and vandalism.
     Kirzhner Moisey of 263005, Lutsk, Grushevskogo Prospect 18, Apt. 38 [Phone: (03322) 34775] visited site on 27/09/1996. Interviewed were Bubnyuk Galina Ilinichna of 1st May Str [Phone: (03651) 31249] on 26/07/1996. Kirzhner completed survey on 27/09/1996. Documentation: See section 14 [sic].
VELIKIYE MEZHIRICHI II:     US Commission No. UA17070101
     The cemetery is located at E, Tserkovnaya St., 35 (old: 17 Veresnya St.). The Jewish cemetery was established in the 18th century with last known Karlin-Stolin Hasidic burial 1942. No other towns or villages used this cemetery. The isolated suburban agricultural hillside and crown of a hill has signs or plaques in local language and signs or plaques in Yiddishmentioning Jews. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all. A broken fence with no gate surrounds the cemetery. 1 to 20 common tombstones, none in original location with more than 75% toppled, date from 19th to 20th century. The cemetery contains no known mass graves. Municipality owns property used for Jewish cemetery and agriculture (crops or animal grazing). Properties adjacent are agricultural. The cemetery boundaries are unchanged since 1939. Rarely, organized Jewish group tours, pilgrimage groups visit, and Jewish or non-Jewish private visitors stop. The cemetery was vandalized occasionally in the last ten years. Local/municipal authorities and Jewish groups within country fixed wall and fixed gate in 1995. Occasionally, authorities clear or clean. Within the limits of the cemetery are no structures. Serious threat: weather erosion (The tombstones fall.). Moderate threat: vandalism. Slight threat: uncontrolled access, pollution and vegetation.
     Kirzhner Moisey of 263005, Lutsk, Grushevskogo Prospect 18, Apt. 38 [Phone: (03322) 34775] visited site on 26/09/1996. Interviewed were Bubnyuk Galina Ilinichna of 265250, Velikiye Mezhirichi, 1st May St., [Phone: (03651) 31299] on 26/09/1996. Kirzhner completed survey on 27/09/1996.

VELIKIYE SOROCHINTZY: may be buried at Mirgorod

v. VELYATIN:     US Commission No. UA06610101
Alternate name: Valiatin (Ukraine). v. Velyatin is located in Zakarpatskaya at 48º6 23º19, 55 km from Mukachevo and 195 km from Chernovtsy. The cemetery is located at center, right side of R. Borkut. Present town population is 1,000-5,000 with fewer than 10 Jews.      The earliest known Jewish community was mid-19th century. 1926 Jewish population (census) was 170. Effecting the Jewish Community were 1918 Zakarpatye transfer to Czech with last known Hasidic burial 1942. No other towns or villages used this cemetery. The isolated urban flat land has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all. No wall, fence, or gate surrounds the cemetery. 21 to 100 common tombstones, most in original location with more than 75% toppled, date from 19th century. The cemetery has no special sections. The cemetery contains no known mass graves. Municipality owns Jewish cemetery property. Properties adjacent are residential. The cemetery boundaries are unchanged since 1939. Rarely, local residents visit. The cemetery was vandalized during World War II. There is no maintenance. Within the limits of the cemetery are no structures. Vegetation overgrowth is a seasonal problem, preventing access. Moderate threat: uncontrolled access, vegetation and vandalism. Slight threat: weather erosion and pollution.
     Oks Vladimir Moiseevich of 270065, Odessa, Varnenskaya St., 17D, Apt.52 [Phone: (0482) 665950] visited site on /07/1995. Interviewed were Gergik S.G. of Hust on /07/1995. Oks completed survey on 11/08/1995. Documentation: Short Jewish Encyclopaedia, t.2, Jerusalem, 1982; Encyclopaedia Ukraineznavstvo, t.2, Kiev, 1993.

VELYKA MYCHAJLIVKA: see Velikaya Mikhailovka

VERBA:     US Commission No. UA17020101
Verba is located in Rovenskaya at 53º5 25º8, 80 km from Rovno. The cemetery is located between Village VerbaPtiga. Present town population is 1,000-5,000 with fewer than 10 Jews.
     The earliest known Jewish community was 17-18th century. 1939 Jewish population (census) was 2000. The Jewish cemetery was established in 18th- 19th century with last known Hasidic burial 1941. Jewish community was. No other towns or villages used this cemetery. The isolated rural (agricultural) flat land has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, crossing other public property and crossing private property, access is open to all. No wall, fence, or gate surrounds the cemetery. 1 to 20 common tombstones with more than 75% toppled or broken, date from the 19th to 20th century. The cemetery contains no known mass graves. Municipality owns Jewish cemetery property use for agriculture (crops or animal grazing) and waste dumping. Properties adjacent are agricultural. The cemetery boundaries are smaller now than 1939 because of agriculture. Rarely, organized Jewish group tours or pilgrimage groups visit. The cemetery was not vandalized in the last ten years. There is no maintenance. Within the limits of the cemetery are no structures. Vegetation overgrowth is a constant problem, disturbing both graves and stones. Very serious threat: uncontrolled access and vegetation. Slight threat: vandalism.
     Kirzhner Moisey Davidovich of Lutsk, Grushevskogo Prosp. 18, Apt. 38 [Phone: (03322) 34775] visited site on 10/27/94 and Dubovskaya N. Interviewed on 10/27/94 was Dubovskaya N. Kirzhner completed survey on 10/27/1994.

VERBOUTS: (Hungarian) see Verbovets

VERBOVETS:     US Commission No. UA06440101
Alternate name: Verbovitz (Yiddish), Werbowez (German) and Verbouts (Hungarian). Verbovets is located in Zakarpatskaya at 48º29 22º55, 38 km from Mukachevo and 26 km from Chernovtsy. The cemetery is located at N part of village. Present town population is 1,000-5,000 with no Jews.      The earliest known Jewish community was 19th century. 1926 Jewish population (census) was 150. Effecting the Jewish Community were 1918 Zakarpat'ye transfer to Czech and 1944 deportation of Jews to the death camp. The Jewish cemetery was established in the 19th century with last known Hasidic burial 1942. No other towns or villages used this cemetery. The isolated suburban flat land has no sign or marker. Reached by kitchen gardens, access is open to all. No wall, fence, or gate surrounds the cemetery. No stones are visible. The cemetery contains no known mass graves. Municipality owns property now used for agriculture (crops or animal grazing). Properties adjacent are agricultural. The cemetery boundaries are smaller now than 1939 because of agriculture. Rarely, local residents visit. The cemetery was vandalized during World War II. There is no maintenance. Within the limits of the cemetery are no structures. Vegetation overgrowth is a constant problem, disturbing graves. Very serious threat: vegetation. Moderate threat: uncontrolled access and weather erosion. Slight threat: pollution, existing and proposed nearby development.
     Oks Vladimir Moiseevich of 270065, Odessa, Varnenskaya St., 17D, Apt.52 [Phone: (0482) 665950] visited site on /07/1995. Interviewed was Rozner N.I. of Vinogradov on /07/1995. Oks completed survey on /07/1995. Documentation: Short Jewish Encyclopaedia, volume 2, Jerusalem 1982; Encyclopaedia Ukraineznavstvo, volume 1-2, Kiev, 1993.

VERBOVITZ: (Yiddish) see Verbovets
Verchnja Bysteryj: see VERHNYAYA
VERECKY NIZNI: (English) see Nizhniye Veretski
VERECZA: (Ukraine) see Nizhniye Veretski

VERHOVNYA:     US Commission No. UA05630501
Verhovnya is located in Zhitomirskaya. 100 km from Zhitomir. The mass grave is located at W, on the land of Christian cemetery. Present town population is 1,000-5,000 with no Jews.      The earliest known Jewish community was 1860. 1926 Jewish population (census) was 2739. Effecting the Jewish Community was 1930 synagogue closing. The Jewish mass grave was dug in 1941 with last known Hasidic burial 1941. No other towns or villages Jews were murdered at this unlandmarked mass grave. The rural (agricultural) hillside, part of a municipal cemetery, has no sign or marker. Reached by crossing other public property (on the land of Christian cemetery), access is open to all. No wall, fence, or gate surrounds the mass grave. 1 to 20 stones, all in original location with none toppled or broken, date from 1980. No stones were removed. Some tombstones have traces of painting on their surfaces. The site contains marked mass graves. Municipality owns property used for mass burial site. Properties adjacent are Christian cemetery. The mass grave boundaries are larger now than 1939. Rarely, local residents visit. This site was not vandalized. Local/municipal authorities did re-erection of stones 1980. There is no maintenance. Moderate threat: uncontrolled access, vegetation and vandalism. Slight threat: weather erosion and pollution.
     Kogan Leonid of Novograd-Volynskiy, Lenina St. 107, Apt. 42 [Phone: (04141) 54259] visited site on 16/07/1996. Interviewed was Paschenko Olga Yakovlevna of Lenina St. 9 on 16/07/1996. Kogan completed survey on 19/07/1996. Documentation: Jewish Encyclopaedia.

VERKHI: may be buried at Torchin
VERKHNEE SINEVIDNOE: used the cemetery at Skole
Verkhniy Bystryy: see VERKHNYAYA

VERKNYAYA BYSTRA:     US Commission No. UA06140101
Alternate name: Felso Bisztra (Yiddish), Ober Bistra (German) and Visni Bystry (Hungarian) Ukrainian name: Verkhniy Bystryy and Verchnja Bysteryj. Mizhirasky Region, Zakarpatska Oblast. 48º 37'53N 23º 31'30E, 170 km from Mucachevo and 139 km from Lvov. The cemetery is located at NE, left side R. Bystraya. Present town population is 1,000-5,000 with no Jews.

     The earliest known Jewish community was mid-19th century. 1926 Jewish population (census) was 65. Effecting the Jewish Community was 1918 [sic] with last known Hasidic burial 1942. No other towns or villages used this cemetery. The isolated urban hillside by water has no sign or marker, access is open to all. A continuous fence with no gate surrounds the cemetery. 21 to 100 common tombstones, most in original location with 50%-75% toppled, date from 19th century. The cemetery has no special sections. The cemetery contains no known mass graves. Municipality owns Jewish cemetery property. Properties adjacent are residential and R. Bystraya. The cemetery boundaries are unchanged since 1939. Rarely, local residents visit. The cemetery was vandalized during World War II. There is no maintenance. Within the limits of the cemetery are no structures. Vegetation overgrowth is a seasonal problem, preventing access. Water drainage at the cemetery is a seasonal problem. Moderate threat: uncontrolled access, weather erosion, vegetation, vandalism and existing nearby development. Slight threat: pollution and proposed nearby development.
     Oks Vladimir Moiseevich of 270065, Odessa, Varnenskaya St., 17D, Apt.52 [Phone: (0482) 665950] visited site on 07/1995. Interviewed was Stets I.Y. of Mezhgorye on 07/1995. Oks completed survey on 21/08/1995. Documentation: Short Jewish Encyclopaedia, v.2, Jerusalem, 1989.
    As of August 2003, the cemetery was fenced with a locked gate and a caretaker. Most of the tombstones were upright and Hebrew visible on many. There were about 75 tombstones. Source: kwandrei@mcyp.org [October 2003]
    UPDATE: Cemetery location: After entering town from North at the Soviet monument, take direct road to the left (east) 300 feet, then dirt road to left about 50 feet; site is on left side.

    Jewish population before WWII was about 100 families. The site is about 0.1 mile from the congregation that used the unlandmarked site. The isolated rural agricultural and wooded site on a hillside by water has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all via a continuous fence and gate that locks. The 2000 sq ft cemetery has 75 stones, some not in original location and less than 25% toppled or broken. Vegetation is not a problem.
    The flat shaped flat stones with carved relief and double tombstones with traces of painting on their surfaces have either Hebrew or Yiddish inscription. No known mass graves. The municipality owns the site used only as a Jewish cemetery. Properties adjacent are agricultural and residential. Rarely, organized individual tours and private Jewish or non-Jewish visitors stop. Past care of the cemetery includes re-erecting stones, clearing vegetation, and fixing gate by local non-Jewish residents. Current care is a regular caretaker paid by visitor contribution. No structures. No threats.
    Karin Wandrei, 3851 Ridgewood Road, Willits, California, 707-459-6474, kwandrei@pacific.net completed the survey on 23 Oct 2003 after her visit on 3 Aug 2003. She interviewed the caretaker and his wife, villagers, and her mother, who grew up there.

VESELE: (Ukraine) see Veseloye

VESELOYE:     US Commission No. UA14150501
Alternate name: Vesele (Ukraine). Veseloye is located in Nikolaevskaya at 47º_ 31º_, 40 km from Domanevka and 140 km from Odessa. The mass grave is located at W part. Present town population is under 1,000 with no Jews.

     The earliest known Jewish community was 1794 in Odessa. 1939 Jewish population (census) was 153,242. Effecting the Jewish Community was 1905 pogrom. Living in this Jewish community were V.Zhabotinskiy, S.Frug, Lev Pinsker, and H.N. Bialik. The Jewish mass grave was dug in 1941 with last known Hasidic burial 1942. Odessa (140 km away) and Bessarabiya Jews were murdered in this mass grave. The isolated suburban flat land has signs or plaques in local language mentioning Jews and the Holocaust. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all. No wall, fence, or gate surrounds the mass grave. 1 to 20 common tombstones, all in original location with none toppled or broken, date from 1994. No stones were removed. Municipality owns property used for mass burial site. Properties adjacent are agricultural. The mass grave boundaries are larger now than 1939. Occasionally, organized individual tours and local residents visit. This site was not vandalized. Local/municipal authorities did re-erection of stones in 1994. Occasionally, authorities clear or clean. Moderate threat: uncontrolled access. Slight threat: weather erosion, pollution, vegetation and vandalism.
     Oks Vladimir Moiseevich of 270065, Odessa, Varnenskaya St., 17D, Apt.52. Oks visited site on /04/1995. Interviewed were Goldenshteyn of Odessa on /04/1995. completed survey on 20/04/1995. Documentation: See section 14 [sic].

VEZEIZHANY: (Yiddish) see Ozeryani
VICHNIFKA: (Yiddish) see Vakhnovka
VICTOROVKA:     US Commission No. UA14230101
Victorovka is located in Nikolaevskaya at 47º 0 31º _, 15 km from Domanevka and 195 km from Odessa. The cemetery is located at right coast of R. Bashtaly, NW. Present town population is under 1,000 with no Jews.      The earliest known Jewish community was 1941. The Jewish cemetery was established in 1941 with last known Hasidic burial 1944. Zeleniy Yar (3 km away) and Marinovka (3 km away) used this cemetery. The suburban flat land by water, part of a municipal cemetery, has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all. A continuous fence with no gate surrounds the cemetery. 21 to 100 stones, all in original location with none toppled or broken, date from 1941. No stones were removed. The cemetery has no special sections. Some tombstones have traces of painting on their surfaces and/or metal fences around graves. The cemetery contains no known mass graves. Municipality owns property now used for Jewish section. Properties adjacent are residential. The cemetery boundaries are larger now than 1939. Rarely, local residents visit. This cemetery was not vandalized. There is no maintenance. Within the limits of the cemetery are no structures. Vegetation overgrowth is a seasonal problem, preventing access. Moderate threat: uncontrolled access and vegetation. Slight threat: weather erosion, pollution and vandalism.
     Oks Vladimir Moiseevich of 270065, Odessa, Varnenskaya St., 17D, Apt.52 [Phone: (0482) 665950] visited site on /04/1995. Interviewed on /04/1995 were Kovalenko M.A, Ostapenko M.K. of Zeleniy Yar. Oks completed survey on 08/06/1995.

VICTORSHTAGHT: (Russian) see v. Marcovo
VIJNITA: (German) see Vizhnitsa
VIJNITSA: (Russian) see Vizhnitsa

VILOK:     US Commission No. UA06360101
Alternate name: Tisza Ujlak (Yiddish) and Vylok (German). Vilok is located in Zakarpatskaya at 48º6 22º50, 30 km from Mukachevo and 214 km from Lvov. The cemetery is located in center of village, 400m from the border with Hungary. Present town population is 1,000-5,000 with fewer than 10 Jews.      The earliest known Jewish community was 19th century. 1926 Jewish population (census) was 250. Effecting the Jewish Community were 1918 Zakarpat'ye transfer to Czech and 1944 deportation of Jews to the death camp. The Jewish cemetery was established in the 19th century with last known Hasidic burial 1992. No other towns or villages used this cemetery. The isolated urban flat land has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open with permission. A continuous fence with locking gate surrounds the cemetery. 101 to 500 common tombstones, most in original location with less than 25% toppled, date from 19th to 20th century. The cemetery contains no known mass graves. Municipality owns Jewish cemetery property. Properties adjacent are residential. The cemetery boundaries are unchanged since 1939. Occasionally, Jewish or non-Jewish private visitors stop. The cemetery was vandalized during World War II. Jewish individuals abroad cleaned stones, cleared vegetation, fixed wall and fixed gate in 1990. Jewish survivors pay the regular caretaker. Within the limits of the cemetery are no structures. Slight threat: uncontrolled access, vegetation and vandalism.
     Oks Vladimir Moiseevich of 270065, Odessa, Varnenskaya St., 17D, Apt.52 [Phone: (0482) 665950] visited site on /07/1995. Interviewed was Rozner N.I. of Vinogradov on /07/1995. Oks completed survey on 08/05/1995. Documentation: Short Jewish Encyclopaedia, volume 2, Jerusalem 1982; Encyclopaedia Ukraineznavstvo, volume 1-2, 1993.

VILSK:     US Commission No. UA05500101
Vilsk is located in Zhitomirskaya. The cemetery is located at centr, coner Lenina & Chapaeva St. Vilsk is 20 km from Zhitomir and 20 km from Chernyakhov. Present town population is 1,000-5,000 with no Jews.      The earliest known Jewish community was 1848. The Jewish population (census) 186 was 1926. Effecting the Jewish Community were Jewish colony:, established 1848 and evicted 1939 with last known Jewish burial was 1930. Jewish community was Hasidic. No other towns or villages used this cemetery. The isolated rural (agricultural) flat land has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open with permission. No wall, fence, or gate surrounds the cemetery. No stones are visible. The cemetery contains no known mass graves. The municipality and private individual(s) own property now used for agriculture (crops or animal grazing). Properties adjacent are residential. The cemetery boundaries are smaller now than 1939 because of new roads or highways, housing development and agriculture. The cemetery was vandalized prior to World War II but not in the last ten years. There is no maintenance. Within the limits of the cemetery are no structures. Very serious threat: vandalism and existing nearby development. Moderate threat: uncontrolled access and proposed nearby development. Slight threat: weather erosion, pollution and vegetation.
     Kogan Leonid of Novograd-Volynskiy, Lenina St. 107, Apt. 42. [Phone: (04141) 54259] visited site on 15/10/1995. Interviewed was Olyshkevich Olga Artemovna of Vilsk on 15/10/1995. Kogan completed survey on 22/10/1995. Documentation: Jewish Encyclopaedia.

VINITSA:     US Commission No. UA01010102
Alternate name: Winnica (Yiddish), Winnitsa (Polish), Vinitza (Russian) and Winniza (Ukraine). Vinitsa is located in Vinnitskaya at 49º14 28º29, 280 km from Kiev and 139 km from Uman. The cemetery is located at Xmelnitskoe Highway. Present town population is over 100,000 with 1,001-10,000 Jews.      The earliest known Jewish community was 1532. 1926 Jewish population (census) was 21812. Effecting the Jewish Community were 1648 near complete destruction of community, 1734-1750 pogrom, mass killings by Hidamaks, 1905 pogrom and 1941 shooting of Jewish people. Living in this Jewish community was E.I. Stern. The Jewish cemetery was established in 1727 century. Buried in the cemetery are Israel Isera died 1829 and Joseph Jacoblevich Linetzski died 1885 with last known Hasidic burial 1994. No other towns or villages used this cemetery. The urban flat land, separate but near other cemeteries, has signs or plaques in local language. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all. A continuous fence with locking gate surrounds the cemetery. There are more than 5000 stones, all in original location with none toppled or broken, date from 1747. Stones were removed to another cemetery. The cemetery has special sections for men and women. Some tombstones have traces of painting on their surfaces, portraits on stones and/or metal fences around graves. The cemetery contains no known mass graves. Municipality and a Regional or national governmental agency owns property now used for mixed cemetery. Properties adjacent are residential and forest. The cemetery boundaries are larger now than 1939. Frequently, Jewish or non-Jewish private visitors and local residents visit. The cemetery was not vandalized in the last ten years Local/municipal authorities and other (local residents, relatives) patched broken stones, cleaned stones and cleared vegetation. Now, individual clear or clean occasionally. Within the limits of the cemetery are a pre-burial house and a well. Vegetation overgrowth is a seasonal problem, preventing access.
     Fuchs visited site on /07/1994. Interviewed was Spiri, E. I on /07/1994. Fuchs, M. L. of Vinitsa [Phone: 358296] completed survey on /07/1994. Documentation: Jewish Encyclopaedia in 16 vol. Izd. Brokhaus-Efron; Kratkaya Jewish Encyclopaedia Izd-vo Jerusalem 1976; Encyclopaedia Judaica in 17 vol. Jerusalem; History of Towns and Villages In Ukraine-Vinnitska Oblast URE 1969; A. Krilov Population of places in Podol province-Kamenetz Podol , 1905.

VINITZA: (Russian) see Vinitsa
VINNITSA: used the cemetery at Voronovitsa UA01590102

VINOGRADNOYE:
This town is listed in Carved Memories: Heritage in Stone from the Russian Jewish Pale by David Goberman, NY: also see introduction to Ukraine. Located at: 47º07 29º31.

v. VINOGRADNOYE:     US Commission No. UA15280501
v. Vinogradnoye is located in Odesskaya at 46º_ 30º_, 15 km from Berezovka and 100 km from Odessa. The mass grave is located at S, near road to Odessa. Present town population is under 1,000 with no Jews.      Effecting the Jewish Community was 20,000 Jews from Odessa who were murdered in v. Vinogradnoye in 1941. The Jewish mass grave was dug in 1941. No other towns or villages Jews were murdered at this unlandmarked mass grave. The isolated rural (agricultural) flat land has signs or plaques in local language mentioning the Holocaust. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all. No wall or fence, or gate surrounds the mass grave. The approximate size of mass grave is now 0.01 hectares. No stones were removed. The common tombstones date from 1994. The site contains marked mass graves and unmarked mass graves. Municipality owns property used for mass burial site. Properties adjacent are agricultural. Occasionally, organized individual tours and local residents visit. The mass grave was vandalized during World War II. Occasionally, authorities clear or clean. Vegetation overgrowth is a seasonal problem, preventing access. Moderate threat: uncontrolled access and vegetation. Slight threat: weather erosion, pollution, vandalism and existing nearby development.
     Oks Vladimir Moiseevich of 270065, Odessa, Varnenskaya St., 17D, Apt.52 [Phone: (0482) 665950] visited site in 01/1995 in 10/1994. Interviewed was Volter N.P. of v. Vinogradnoya on 01/1995. Oks completed survey on 02/17/1995.

VINOGRADOV I:     US Commission No. UA06220101
Alternate name: Sewlusz (Yiddish), Sollos (German), Szollos (Hungarian), Winogradow (Czech), Beregszollos (Slov), Bialostok (Polish), Nagyszollos (English), Sasvar (Ukraine), Sevliush (Hebrew) and SevlJus (others). Vinogradov is located in Zakarpatskaya at 48º9 23º2, 40 km from Mukachevo and 202 km from Lvov. The cemetery is located near the stadium, in the center. Present town population is 25,001-100,000 with 11-100 Jews.      The earliest known Jewish community was 18th century. 1939 Jewish population (census) was 8424. Effecting the Jewish Community were 1918 Zakarpat'ye transfer to Czech and 1944 deportation of Jews to the death camp. Living in this Jewish community was Rabbi from the Shnayer dynasty. Buried in the cemetery are members of the Shnayer dynasty with last known Hasidic burial 1969. No other towns or villages used this cemetery. The isolated urban flat land has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open with permission. A continuous fence with locking gate surrounds the cemetery. 501 to 5000 stones, most in original location with 25%-50% toppled, date from 18th century. Some tombstones have traces of painting on their surfaces and/or metal fences around graves. The cemetery contains no known mass graves. Municipality owns Jewish cemetery property. Properties adjacent are residential. The cemetery boundaries are unchanged since 1939. Occasionally, organized individual tours and local residents visit. The cemetery was vandalized during World War II. Jewish groups abroad did re-erection of stones, patched broken stones, cleaned stones, cleared vegetation, fixed wall and fixed gate in 1990. Now, individual clear or clean occasionally. Within the limits of the cemetery is more than one ohel. Slight threat: vegetation and vandalism.
     Oks Vladimir Moiseevich of 270065, Odessa, Varnenskaya St., 17D, Apt.52 [Phone: (0482) 665950] visited site on /07/1995. Interviewed on /07/1995 were Gross N.D. and Rovzner N.I. of Vinogradov. Oks completed survey on 01/08/1995. Documentation: Short Jewish Encyclopaedia. Book 2, Jerusalem 1982; Encyclopaedia Ukraineznavstvo, Book 1-2, 1993.
VINOGRADOV II:     US Commission No. UA06220102
     See Vinogradov I for town information. The cemetery is located at 200m E from the center. Effecting the Jewish Community were 1918 Zakarpat'e transfer to Czech and 1944 deportation of Jews to the death camp. Living in this Jewish community were rabbis from the Shneger dynasty. The Jewish cemetery was established in 1952 with last known Hasidic burial 1994. No other towns or villages used this cemetery. The suburban flat land, part of a municipal cemetery, has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all. A continuous fence with non-locking gate surrounds the cemetery. 21 to 100 stones, all in original location with none toppled or broken, date from 1952. The cemetery has no special sections. Some tombstones have traces of painting on their surfaces, other metallic elements, portraits on stones and/or metal fences around graves. The cemetery contains no known mass graves. Municipality owns site. Properties adjacent are residential. The cemetery boundaries are larger now than 1939. Occasionally, Jewish or non-Jewish private visitors stop. This cemetery was not vandalized. There has been cleared vegetation. Now, individual clear or clean occasionally. Within the limits of the cemetery are no structures. Slight threat: uncontrolled access and vegetation.
     Oks Vladimir Moiseevich of 270065, Odessa, Varnenskaya St., 17D, Apt.52 [Phone: (0482) 665950] visited site on /07/1995. Interviewed on /07/1995 were Gross N.D. and Vovzner N.I. of Vinogradov. Oks completed survey on 01/08/1995. Documentation: Short Jewish Encyclopaedia. Book 2, Jerusalem 1982; Encyclopaedia Ukraineznavstvo, book 1-2, 1993.
VINOGRADOV III:     US Commission No. UA06220103
     See Vinogradov I for town information. The cemetery is located in SW of town. The Jewish cemetery was established in the 19th century with last known Hasidic burial 1943. No other towns or villages used this cemetery. The isolated suburban flat land has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open with permission. No wall, fence, or gate surrounds the cemetery. No stones are visible OR The cemetery has only common tombstones. The cemetery contains no known mass graves. Municipality owns property now used for industrial or commercial use. Properties adjacent are residential. The cemetery boundaries are smaller now than 1939. Rarely, local residents visit. The cemetery was vandalized during World War II. There is no maintenance. On the cemetery site is an agricultural firm that caused the destruction of the graves. Very serious threat: pollution, vandalism, existing nearby development and proposed nearby development (Development continues on the cemetery land). Moderate threat: uncontrolled access and vegetation. Slight threat: weather erosion.
     Oks Vladimir Moiseevich of 270065, Odessa, Varnenskaya St., 17D, Apt.52 [Phone: (0482) 665950] visited site on /07/1995. Interviewed was Rozner N.I. of Vinogradov on /07/1995. Oks completed survey on 04/08/1995. Documentation: Short Jewish Encyclopaedia. Book 2, Jerusalem 1982; Encyclopaedia Ukraineznavstvo, book 1-2, 1993.

VISHIETS: (German) see Vishnevets
VISHNEVETS: (Yiddish) see Stariy Vishnevets

VISHNEVETS I:     US Commission No. UA19040101
Alternate name: Vishnevits (Yiddish), Vishniets (German), Vishnivitz (Slov), Vishnyovyets (Polish) and Wishnievicze (Ukraine). Vishnevets is located in Ternopolskaya at 49º54 25º45, 40 km from Kremenets and 88 km from Rovno. The cemetery is located at Kremenetskaya St. Present town population is 1,000-5,000 with fewer than 10 Jews.      The earliest known Jewish community was 1616. 1939 Jewish population (census) was 2825. Effecting the Jewish Community were Khmelnitsky Pogroms in 1680 and 1919-1920 Civil War. The Jewish cemetery was established in the 17th century with last known Karlin-Stolin Hasidic burial 19__. No other towns or villages used this cemetery. The isolated urban crown of a hill has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road and crossing other public property (Kremenetskaya St.), access is open to all. No wall, fence, or gate surrounds the cemetery. 501 to 5000 common tombstones, most in original location with 25%-50% toppled, date from 1583 to 18th century. The cemetery contains no known mass graves. Municipality owns Jewish cemetery property. Properties adjacent are agricultural and residential. The cemetery boundaries are unchanged since 1939. Rarely, Jewish or non-Jewish private visitors and local residents visit. The cemetery was vandalized during World War II. There is no maintenance. Within the limits of the cemetery are no structures. Vegetation overgrowth is a constant problem, disturbing stones. Moderate threat: weather erosion and vegetation. Slight threat: uncontrolled access and pollution.
     Kirzhner Moisey Davidovich of 263005 Lutsk, Grushevskogo St. 18, Apt. 38 [Phone: (03322) 34775] visited site on 7/5/95 on 7/6/95 on 7/7/95. Interviewed was Krivokulskiy Oleg A. of Village Soviet on 7/5/95. Kirzhner completed survey on 08/07/1995.
VISHNEVETS II:     US Commission No. UA19040102
     See Vishnevets I for more town information. The cemetery is located at Novaya St. in E part of village. Alternate name: Vishiets (German), Wishnievicze (Hungarian) and Wisniowiec (Slov). The Jewish cemetery was established in the 19th century with last known Karlin-Stolin Hasidic burial 1950. No other towns or villages used this cemetery. The suburban flat land, separate but near other cemeteries, has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all. No wall, fence, or gate surrounds the cemetery. 501 to 5000 common tombstones, most in original location with less than 25% toppled, date from 1898 to 20th century. No stones were removed. The cemetery contains no known mass graves. A Regional or national governmental agency owns site used for Jewish cemetery only. Properties adjacent are agricultural. The cemetery boundaries are unchanged since 1939. Rarely, Jewish or non-Jewish private visitors stop. This cemetery was not vandalized. There is no maintenance. Within the limits of the cemetery are no structures. Moderate threat: vegetation. Slight threat: uncontrolled access, weather erosion and pollution.
     Kirzhner Moisey Davidovich of 263005 Lutsk, Grushevskogo St. 18, Apt. 38 [Phone: (03322) 34775] visited site on 7/5/95 on 7/6/95. Interviewed was Krivokulsky Oleg A. of Village Soviet on 7/5/95. Kirzhner completed survey on 07/07/1995. Documentation: Shmuel Spector. The Holocaust of Volynian Jews 1941-1945; Yad-Vashem. Federation of Volynian Jews. Jerusalem 1990. P.13, 14, 66-67, 73, 358.

VISHNEVITS: (Yiddish) see Vishnevets
VISHNI BYSTRY: see VERKHNYAYA
VISNI BYSTRY: (Hungarian) see Verknyaya Bystra
VISHNIETS: (German) see Vishnevets
VISHNIVITZ: (Slov) see Vishnevets
VISHNYA: used the cemetery at Yavorov
VISHNYOVYETS: (Polish) see Vishnevets
VISNI BYSTRY: (Hungarian) see Verknyaya Bystra
VISOTSK: (Yiddish) see Vysotsk

VISOTSK I:     US Commission No. UA17210101
Alternate name: Visotzk (Yiddish) and Wysotsk (German). Visotsk is located in Rovenskaya at 51º44 26º39, 133 km from Rovno and 25 km from Dubrovitsa. The cemetery is located N, on the beach of lake Grizaniha, Pochtovaya St. 5. Present town population is 1,000-5,000 with no Jews.      The earliest known Jewish community was 16th century. 1939 Jewish population (census) was 893. Effecting the Jewish Community were Khmelnitskiy's pogroms and World War I. The Jewish cemetery was established in the 19th century with last known Karlin-Stolin Hasidic burial 1900. No other towns or villages used this cemetery. The isolated suburban hillside and crown of a hill by water has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all. No wall, fence, or gate surrounds the cemetery. No stones are visible OR Stones date from 20th century. The cemetery contains no known mass graves. The municipality and private individual(s) own property now used for agriculture (crops or animal grazing) and housing. Properties adjacent are residential. The cemetery boundaries are smaller now than 1939 because of housing development. Rarely, Jewish or non-Jewish private visitors stop. The cemetery was vandalized during World War II but not in the last ten years. There is no maintenance. Within the limits of the cemetery are no structures. Very serious threat: existing nearby development (On this land, a cleaning structure was constructed). Moderate threat: uncontrolled access. Slight threat: pollution and vandalism.
     Kirzhner Moisey of 263005, Lutsk, Grushevskogo Prospect 18, Apt. 38 [Phone: (03322) 34775] visited site and completed survey on 2/9/96. Interviewed was Yaguta Grigoriy Vasilyevich on 2/9/96. Documentation: See section 14 [sic].
VISOTSK II:     US Commission No. UA17210102
     See Visotsk I for town information. The cemetery is located at center, Polesskaya 2, 4, 6. The Jewish cemetery was established in the 17th century. Jewish community was Karlin-Stolin Hasidic. No other towns or villages used this isolated urban flat land with no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all. No wall, fence, or gate surrounds the cemetery. No stones are visible. The cemetery contains no known mass graves. Municipality owns property now used for agriculture (crops or animal grazing). Properties adjacent are agricultural. The cemetery boundaries are smaller now than 1939 because of housing development. Rarely, Jewish or non-Jewish private visitors stop. The cemetery was vandalized during World War II but not in the last ten years. There is no maintenance. Within the limits of the cemetery are no structures. Slight threat: uncontrolled access, vegetation, vandalism, and existing and proposed nearby development.
     Kirzhner Moisey of 263005, Lutsk, Grushevskogo Prospect 18, Apt. 38 [Phone: (03322) 34775] visited site and completed survey on 2/9/96. Interviewed was Yatsuta G.V. on 2/9/96. Documentation: See section 14 [sic].
VISOTSK III:     US Commission No. UA17210103
     See Visotsk I for town information. The cemetery is located W, ravine Rizka. The Jewish cemetery was established in 1930 with last known Karlin-Stones Hasidic burial 1942. No other towns or villages used this cemetery. The isolated rural (agricultural) flat land has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all. No wall, fence, or gate surrounds the cemetery. No stones are visible. The cemetery contains no known mass graves. Municipality owns property now used for agriculture (crops or animal grazing). Properties adjacent are agricultural. The cemetery boundaries are unchanged since 1939. Rarely, Jewish or non-Jewish private visitors stop. The cemetery was vandalized during World War II but not in the last ten years. There is no maintenance. Within the limits of the cemetery are no structures. Moderate threat: uncontrolled access and vandalism. Slight threat: pollution and vegetation.
     Kirzhner Moisey of 263005, Lutsk, Grushevskogo Prospect 18, Apt. 38 [Phone: (03322) 34775] visited site and completed survey on 3/9/96. Interviewed was Yaguta G.V. of Visotsk on 3/9/96. Documentation: See section 14 [sic].

VISOTZK: (German and Yiddish) see Vysotsk

VIZHNITSA I:     US Commission No. UA25040102
Alternate name: Viznits (Yiddish), Vijnita (German) and Wiznitz (Hungarian). Vizhnitsa is located in Chernovitskaya at 48º15 25º11, 56 km from Chernovtsy and 116 km from Ivano-Frankovsk. The cemetery is located in begining of Chernoguzy village. Present town population is 5,001-25,000 with fewer than 10 Jews.      The earliest known Jewish community was 17th century. The Jewish population (census) 1940 was 5000. Effecting the Jewish Community were 1767 Magdeburg Right amd 1918 Vizhnitsa transfer to Rumania. Living in this Jewish community was Besht Menahem Mendel ben Haim Hager (Vizhnitsky Hasidim). The Jewish cemetery was established in 1863. Buried in the cemetery is Besht Menahem Mendel ben Haim Hager, died in 1884, with last known Vizhnitsky Hasidic burial 1994. No other towns or villages used this cemetery. The suburban and isolated rural (agricultural) flat land has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open with permission. A continuous fence with locking gate surrounds the cemetery. 501 to 5000 stones all in original location with less than 25% toppled, date from 1863 to 20th century. The cemetery has special sections for men, women, unmarried women, rabbis, Cohanim, and children. Some tombstones have traces of painting on their surfaces, portraits on stones and/or metal fences around graves. The cemetery contains no known mass graves. Municipality owns Jewish cemetery property. Properties adjacent are agricultural and residential. The cemetery boundaries are unchanged since 1939. Occasionally, organized individual tours and local residents visit. The cemetery was vandalized during World War II. Local/municipal authorities, Jewish individuals within country and abroad, and Jewish groups within country and abroad cleaned stones, cleared vegetation, fixed wall and fixed gate in 1946 and 1988. Jewish survivors, contributions from visitors, and the government pay the regular caretaker. Within the limits of the cemetery is an ohel. Vegetation overgrowth is a seasonal problem, preventing access. Water drainage at the cemetery is a seasonal problem. Moderate threat: vegetation. Slight threat: uncontrolled access, weather erosion, pollution and vandalism.
     Oks Vladimir Moiseevich of 270065, Ukraine, Odessa, Varnenskaya 17D, Apt. 52 [Phone: (0482) 665950] visited site and completed survey on 8/3/94. Interviewed on 8/3/94 were Nesteryuk G.G. and Cherkach N.I.
VIZHNITSA II:     US Commission No. UA25040101
     See VIZHNITSA I for town information. The Jewish cemetery was established in the 17th century with last known Hasidic burial mid-19th century. No other towns or villages used this cemetery. The isolated urban flat land has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all. No wall, fence, or gate surrounds the cemetery. No stones are visible. Stones removed were incorporated into roads or structures. The cemetery contains no known mass graves. Municipality owns property now used for recreational use (park, playground, and sports). Properties adjacent are residential. The cemetery boundaries are smaller now than 1939 because of "other." Rarely, local residents visit. The cemetery was vandalized during World War II. There is no maintenance or structures. Very serious threat: uncontrolled access, pollution and existing nearby development. Moderate threat: weather erosion and proposed nearby development.
     Oks Vladimir Moiseevich of 270065, Odessa, Varnenskaya St. 17D, Apt. 52 [Phone: (0482) 665950] visited site and completed survey on 8/25/94. Interviewed on 8/25/94 were Olhovskaya G.D. [Phone: (03722) 21792] and Cherkach Natalya Ilevna [Phone: (03722) 21935].

VIZNITS: (Polish and Yiddish) see Vizhnitsa
VLADIMIR VOLINSKI: (Czech) see Vladimir Volinskiy
VLADIMIR VOLYNSKEY: (Yiddish) see Vladimir-Volynskiy
VLADIMIR-VOLINSKI: (English) see Vladimir-Volynskiy
VLADIMIR VOLYNSKIY: may be buried at Ustilug

VLADIMIR VOLYNSKIY I:     US Commission No. UA02080101
Alternate name: Lodmer (Yiddish), Wlodzimierz Wolynsky (German), Vlodzimyerz (Hungarian), Ladmir (Polish), Ludomir (Ukraine) and Rus. Vladimir Volinski (others). Vladimir Volynskiy is located in Volynskaya at 50º 51 24º20 [or 51.8 º 24.14], 75 km from Lutsk, 455 km from Kiev and 114 km from Lvov. The cemetery is located at Dragomarova St., Sagaydachnogo St., and Kotlyarevskogo St. Present town population is 25,001-100,000 with 11-100 Jews.      The earliest known Jewish community was 17th century [See Vladimir Volinskiy II]. 1939 Jewish population (census) was 5917. The Jewish cemetery was established in 1717 with last known Hasidic burial 1938-1939. No other towns or villages used this cemetery. The urban flat land has signs in other languages. Reached by turning directly off a public road (Sagaidachnogo St. Kotlyarevskogo str.) and crossing private property, access is open to all. No wall, fence, or gate surrounds the cemetery. The cemetery was levelled. 1 to 20 common tombstones, none in original location with more than 75% toppled, date from 18th century to 19th century. The cemetery contains no known mass graves. Municipality owns property now used for recreational use (park, playground, and sports), industrial or commercial use, and other. Properties adjacent are residential. The cemetery boundaries are smaller now than 1939 because of commercial or industrial development. Rarely, organized Jewish group tours or pilgrimage groups visit. The cemetery was vandalized during World War II. There is no maintenance. Within the limits of the cemetery "other" structures. Vegetation overgrowth is a constant problem, disturbing graves. Very serious threat: uncontrolled access, weather erosion, pollution, vegetation, vandalism, and existing and proposed nearby development.
     Kirzhner Moisey Davidovich of Lutsk, Prezidenta Grushevskogo St. 18, Apt. 38 [Phone: (03322) 34775] visited site on 9/14/94. Interviewed were Mazurok Vasiliy Alekseevich [Phone: 2-38-03] and Mitrofanova O.A. on 9/13/94 and Zatiraha Evgeniy Vladimirovich [Phone: (03322) 40504] on 9/12/94. Kirzhner completed survey on 09/14/1994.
VLADIMIR VOLINSKIY II:     US Commission No. UA02080502
See Vladimir Volinskiy I and III for other town information. The mass grave is located at 8 km W, on right of Ustilych highway near Pyatidny village.      The earliest known Jewish community was 1288. The Jewish population (census) 1931 was 10655. Effecting the Jewish Community were 1648-1649 and 1658 pogroms, 1923 attacks against Jewish community, and 1930 resettlement of Jews boycott. Living in this Jewish community were (1547-70) Rabbi Isaac ben Bezalel, (1580-1646) Isaac ben Samuel ha Levi, (1591) Rabbi Menahem Mendel, Rabbi Avigdor who became rabbi in Krakov in 1599, (1635-44) Rabbi Yom Tom Lipman, (1792) Rabbi Mordehn Hotlib, and Moses Sol. Karlinech. A Tzadakkim or noteworthy Jew buried in the mass grave is unkown. The rural (agricultural) flat land by water has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all. No wall or fence surrounds the mass grave. The site contains marked mass graves and unmarked mass graves. Municipality owns site. Properties adjacent are agricultural. Occasionally, organized individual tours, Jewish or non-Jewish private visitors and local residents visit. This site was not vandalized. Occasionally, authorities clear or clean. Vegetation overgrowth is a seasonal problem, preventing access. Water drainage at the mass grave is a seasonal problem. Moderate threat: weather erosion and vegetation. Slight threat: uncontrolled access, pollution and vandalism.
     Sokolova I.E. visited site on 9/2/95. Interviewed on 9/2/95 were Mikita Andriy Vasilyevich, Vice-Chairman Town Exec. [Phone: 21207] and Tsaryk Yaroslav Vasilyevich, Director Town Archive [Phone: 21209]. Sokolova completed survey on 09/02/1995. Documentation: History of Towns and Villages In Ukraine. Volinsk. Kiev 1972; Short Jewish Encyclopedia. Jerusalem 1976; Jewish Encyclopaedia in 16 Vol.Brokhauz-Efron; Encyclopaedia Judaica in 17 Vol., Jerusalem.
VLADIMIR-VOLYNSKIY III:     US Commission No. UA02080501
     See Vladimir-Volynskiy I and II for town information. The mass grave is located at v. Pyatidin-NE near bridge over R. Luga Vladimir-Ustilych road, 51º8 24º14 and 6 km from Vladimir-Volynskiy [sic.]      The Jewish mass grave was dug in 1941. No other town or village Jews were murdered at this unlandmarked mass grave. The isolated rural (agricultural) flat land at crown of a hill by water has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all. No wall, fence, or gate surrounds the mass grave. The approximate size of mass grave is now 0.01 hectares. No stones were removed. The common tombstones date from 1987. The site contains marked mass graves. Municipality owns property used for mass burial site. Properties adjacent are agricultural. Rarely, organized Jewish group tours or pilgrimage groups visit. This site was not vandalized. Local/municipal authorities did re-erection of stones in 1989. Occasionally, authorities clear or clean. Moderate threat: uncontrolled access. Slight threat: vegetation and vandalism.
     Kirzhner Moisey of 263005, Lutsk, Grushevskogo St. 18, Apt. 38 [Phone: (03322) 34775] visited site on 3/15/95. Interviewed on 3/14/95 were Chemeris Y.V. of Dept. of Monuments Preservation (Lutsk) and Nakonechnyy V.A. of working group of Kniga Pamyati. Kirzhner completed survey on 03/14/1995. Documentation: 3 titles not in English letters; Shmuil Spector The Holocaust of Volynian Jews 1941-1945. Yad Vashem/the Federation of Volinyan Jews. Jerusalem, 1990.

VLADIMIRETS I:     US Commission No. UA17250101
Alternate name: Vlodimiretz (Yiddish) and Wladimirets (German). Vladimirets is located in Rovenskaya at 50.51 º 24.20. The cemetery is located at center, Komsomolskaya & Pionerskya St. in forest. Vladimirets is 94 km from Rovno. Present town population is 1,000-5,000 with fewer than 10 Jews.      The earliest known Jewish community was 17th century. 1939 Jewish population (census) was 1263. Effecting the Jewish Community were Khmelnitskiy's pogroms, World War I with last known Karlin Stolin Hasidic burial 1941. Antonovka (30 km away) and Zheludek (30 km away) used this cemetery. The isolated urban flat land has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all. No wall, fence, or gate surrounds the cemetery. No stones are visible. The cemetery contains no known mass graves. A regional or national governmental agency owns site. The cemetery property is now used for industrial or commercial use. Properties adjacent are residential. The cemetery boundaries are smaller now than 1939 because of commercial or industrial development. Rarely, Jewish or non-Jewish private visitors and local residents visit. The cemetery was vandalized during World War II but not in the last ten years. There is no maintenance. Within the limits of the cemetery are no structures. Moderate threat: uncontrolled access and proposed nearby development. Slight threat: vandalism and existing nearby development.
     Kirzhner Moisey of 263005, Lutsk, Grushevskogo Prospect 18, Apt. 38 [Phone: (03322) 34775] visited site and completed survey on 12/9/96. Interviewed was Volodko Sergey Arsenyevich on 12/9/96. Documentation: See section 14 [sic].
VLADIMIRETS II:     US Commission No. UA17250501
     See Vladimirets I for town information. The Karlin-Stolin Hasidic mass grave, located 2 km from Zhovtino, was dug 28 Aug 1942 Antonovka (15 km away) and Zheludek (15 km away) Jews were murdered at this unlandmarked mass grave. The isolated rural (agricultural) flat land has signs or plaques in local language mentioning the Holocaust. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all. A broken fence with no gate surrounds the mass grave. 1 to 20 common tombstones, all in original location with none toppled or broken, date from 20th century. No stones were removed. The site contains marked mass graves. Municipality owns property used for mass burial site. Properties adjacent are agricultural. The mass grave boundaries are larger now than 1939. Occasionally, Jewish or non-Jewish private visitors and local residents visit. The mass grave was not vandalized in the last ten years. Local/municipal authorities did re-erection of stones and fixed gate. Occasionally, authorities clear or clean. Slight threat: uncontrolled access, pollution, vegetation and vandalism.
     Kirzhner Moisey of 263005, Lutsk, Grushevskogo Prospect 18, Apt. 38 [Phone: (03322) 34775] visited site on 12/9/96. Interviewed were Volodko S.A. of Vlodimirets on 12/9/96. Kirzhner completed survey on 12/09/1996. Documentation: See section 14 [sic].
     A memorial site outside of town is where Jews were murdered. There is a memorial stone at the site that states in Ukrainian or Russian and in Hebrew: "Stand and pay attention to this place. Here on August 28, 1942 Nazis occupiers martyred more than 3,000 Soviet citizens. History will not forget or forgive them and their barbaric actions. May the victims rest in peace." The cemetery is now where the center of town is. After the war, the Communists built a government building on the site. All that remains is a grassy yard. There is no marker. Source: Stan Oshinsky, JGSGW. He visited June 1-4, 1997. [date?]

VLODIMIRETZ: (Yiddish) see Vladimirets
VLODZIMIERZ: (German and Hungarian) see Vladimir Volinskiy
VLODZMYERZ: (Ukraine) see Vladimir-volynskiy
VLADNIK: (Russian) see Noviye Veledniky
VLODIMIRETZ: (Yiddish) see Vladimirets
VLODZIMIERZ: (German and Hungarian) see Vladimir volinskiy
VLODZMYERZ: (Ukraine) see Vladimir-volynskiy
VOINILOV: (German) see Voynilov
VOJNILOW: (Czech) see Voynilov

VOLLCHISK:
Near Kupel. 30,000 Jews were murdered. One day, all the Jews from Vollchisk and the area were forced to go to the Jewish cemetery, dig a big grave, and take off their clothes. Then, they were shot at the same time. A long time after this event, the grave kept moving. The earth moved. Since some of the people were still alive and injured, they were trying to get out. After the War, the cemetery and the two graves were neglected until a wealthy American Jew (a former resident of Vollchisk) built a fence and a memorial tombstone. Source: Tova Perlshtein's memoirs of Kupel, Ukraine: translated by: Ophira Oruch, Oakland, Ca. 2/96; Document was retyped and scanned by Lawrence J. Korman 11/23/97; LKorman956@aol.com

VOLKOVINTSI: (Cemetery) see Podolia Guberniya

VOLKOVINTSY:     US Commission No. UA22340101
Alternate name: Wolkowinz (Polish) and Wolkowinzy (Ukraine). Volkovintsy is located in Khmelnitskaya at 49º12 27º40, 62 km from Vinnitsa and 100 km from Khmelnitskiy. The cemetery is located near the road to Bar. Present town population is 1,000-5,000 with 11-100 Jews.      The earliest known Jewish community was end 18th century. 1939 Jewish population (census) was 200. Effecting the Jewish Community was 12 Apr 1804. Living in this Jewish community were Rabbi Yankel Gershkov Kokorusa 1842, Gabay: Abram Duvidov Grinberg 1842 and Treasurer: Leyba Meerovich 1842 with last known Jewish burial 1995. No other towns or villages used this cemetery. The isolated rural (agricultural) flat land has no sign or marker. Reached by crossing railroad, access is open with permission. A continuous fence with locking gate surrounds the cemetery. 21 to 100 stones, all in original location with none toppled or broken, date from 1970. No stones were removed. The cemetery has no special sections. Some tombstones have traces of painting on their surfaces, iron decorations or lettering, portraits on stones and/or metal fences around graves. The cemetery contains no known mass graves. Municipality owns Jewish cemetery property. Properties adjacent are agricultural. The cemetery boundaries are larger now than 1939. Frequently, Jewish or non-Jewish private visitors and local residents visit. This cemetery was not vandalized. Jewish individuals within country patched broken stones, cleared vegetation and fixed gate. Now, an individual clears or cleans occasionally. Within the limits of the cemetery are no structures. Slight threat: uncontrolled access and vegetation.
     Shwartz Yuliya Nikolaevna of Kiev, Buchmy St., Apt. 8 [Phone: (044)5503228] visited site on 7/23/95. Interviewed on 7/23/95 were Hayat Efim Abramovich of Kamenets Podolskiy, Timiryazeva St., 93, Apt.21 [Phone: (03849) 24831] and David A. Chapin of 3312 Gary. Plano TX 75023-1120, USA [Phone: (214) 6183050]. Shwartz completed survey on 07/25/1995. Documentation: Central & Eastern Europe; The Road from Letichev, David A. Chapin, Ben Weinstock.

VOLKOVTSY: see SUDILKOV

VOLOCHISK:
4932 2609, 203.6 miles WSW of Kiev, about 18 km from Skalat and about 50 km from the county seat, Tarnopol. Volochysk is a district center in Khmelnytsky region in Western Ukraine. It is situated on the left bank of river Zbruch. On the other side of the river is/was Podvolochisk at 4932 2609. Volochysk is a transport center. The town population is 24,000 with 8 Jews in 2000. The 1939 Podwolocyska population was 7,000 including the town of Zdanishovka of which 20% were Poles, 20% Ukrainians, and 60% Jewish (about 4,200.) http://www.shtetlinks.jewishgen.org/Volochisk/JeremyLetter.html has information about the town and a few names from gravestones. The settlement on the right bank was later renamed to "Pidvolochysk", what means "the place near Volochysk". In 1890, there were eight synagogues. In 1913, Jewish Volochisk had a club, a theatre, two private libraries, and three book shops. In 1922, a Jewish section of the town's education committee was formed, a Jewish reading room opened, and in 1925 a Jewish collective organized. [April 2004]
http://www.ukrweekly.com/Archive/1999/449920.shtml mentions three cemeteries that they are hard to reach. [April 2004]
http://www.shtetlinks.jewishgen.org/Volochisk/Volochisk.html has useful information. [April 2004]
http://www.shtetlinks.jewishgen.org/Volochisk/ReferencesPodVolochisk_YizkorBook.html links to Podwolocyska and its Surroundings yizkor book. The three cemeteries also served Sopranovka, Staromyshchizna, and Zdanishovka. [April 2004]

VOLODARKA I:     US Commission No. UA09260101
The cemetery is located at NW outskirt of the village, Kooperativnaya St. The town is located at 49º31 29º55, 140 km from Kiyev and 40 km from Belaya Tserkov'. Present town population is 5,001-25,000 with fewer than 10 Jews.      The earliest known Jewish community was 18th century. 1926 Jewish population was 209. Effecting the Jewish Community were 1768 Gaydamaki Pogroms and June 1919 Pogroms by bands of Zelyoniy and Zheleznyak. The last known Jewish burial was in 1941, before War. No other towns or villages used this unlandmarked, destroyed cemetery. The isolated suburban flat land has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all. No wall or fence and non-locking gate surround the cemetery. None of the 1 to 20 common tombstones are in original location. Location of any removed stones is unknown. The cemetery contains no known mass graves. Municipality owns property now used for industrial or commercial use and buildings. Properties adjacent are commercial or industrial and agricultural. The cemetery boundaries are smaller now than 1939 because of housing development and commercial or industrial development. There are buildings on the land of the cemetery. Rarely, local residents visit. Jewish individuals within country cleaned stones and cleared vegetation regularly before 1941. There is no maintenance. Within the limits of the cemetery are no structures. Very serious threat: vandalism and existing nearby development. (Moderate threat: weather erosion (seasonal) and proposed nearby development. Slight threat: uncontrolled access, pollution and vegetation.
     Sokolova Eleonora Yevgeniyevna of 253152, Kiyev, Tichini St. N5, Apt. 68 [Phone: (044) 5505681] visited site and completed survey on 09/09/1996. Fedorchenko Pavel Kondratiyevich of Volodarka, Oktyabrskiy pereulok (St.) N21 [Phone: (8-269) 50587] was interviewed on 09/09/1996. Documentation: Veytsblit I.I. Movement of Jewish people in Ukraine, published by 'Proletar', 1930; Jewish Encyclopedia, published by Brokgauz-Yefron', Leningrad.; The History of Towns and Villages of Ukraine, Kiyevskaya oblast, Kiyev, 1971.; Semyonov P., Geographical and Statistical Dictionary of Russian Empire, 1865.; The list of populated areas in Kiyevskaya Province'.; Statistical reference-book of numbers of Jewish population in Russia', 1918.
VOLODARKA II:     US Commission No. UA09260102
     See VOLODARKA I for town information. The cemetery is located at settlement center, Wern side, on Radyanskaya St. No other towns or villages used this unlandmarked cemetery. The isolated urban flat land has no sign or marker. Reached by crossing public property (residential), access is open with permission. No wall, fence, or gate surrounds the cemetery. The approximate size of cemetery before WWII was 1.20 hectares. No stones are visible. Location of any removed stones is unknown. The cemetery contains no known mass graves. Municipality owns property now used for residential. Properties adjacent are residential. The cemetery boundaries are smaller now than 1939 because of housing development. Rarely, local residents visit. The cemetery was vandalized prior to World War II. There is no maintenance. Within the limits of the cemetery are residences. Very serious threat: vandalism (The cemetery was destroy in 1920s.) and existing nearby development (housing). Serious threat: planned nearby development (new residential). Slight threat: uncontrolled access, weather erosion (seasonal) and pollution. No threat: vegetation.
     Sokolova Eleonora Eugen'evna of 253152 Kiev, 5 Tychiny St., Apt. 68 [Phone: (044) 5505681] visited site and completed survey on 09/09/96. Fedorchenko Pavel Kondratievich of 21, Oktyabr'sky per [Phone: (269) 50587] was interviewed on 09/09/96.

VOLODARSK: (English) see Volodarsk-Volynsk

VOLODARSK-VOLYNSK I:     US Commission No. UA05430101
Alternate name: Kutuzow (Yiddish), Goroshki (German), Horoshki (Hungarian), Horoschki (Czech), Goroshki (Polish), Volodarske (English), Kutuzowe (Russian), Koladarsk (Ukraine) and Kutuzowe (Hebrew). Volodarsk-Volynsk is located in Zhitomirskaya at 50º36 28º27, 55 km from Zhitomir and 150 km from Kiev. The cemetery is located at Volodarskogo St., NW part of town, near with bus station. Present town population is 5,001-25,000 with 11-100 Jews.      The earliest known Jewish community was 1775. 1929 Jewish population (census) was 2311. Effecting the Jewish Community was 1926 town council organization. Living in this Jewish community was Gelmond Samuil Izrailyevich (1907-1941). The last known Hasidic burial was 1995. No other towns or villages used this cemetery. The isolated urban flat land has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all. A continuous fence with non-locking gate surrounds the cemetery. 101 to 500 stones, most in original location with less than 25% toppled, date from 1918. The cemetery has no special sections. Some tombstones have portraits on stones and/or metal fences around graves. The cemetery contains marked mass graves. Municipality owns Jewish cemetery property. Properties adjacent are residential, gas office, and highway to Barashi. The cemetery boundaries are unchanged since 1939. Rarely, local residents visit. The cemetery was vandalized occasionally in the last ten years. Now, individual clear or clean occasionally. Within the limits of the cemetery are no structures. Vegetation overgrowth is a constant problem, disturbing stones. Moderate threat: uncontrolled access, pollution and vegetation. Slight threat: weather erosion, vandalism and proposed nearby development.
     Kogan Leonid of Novograd-Volynskiy, Lenina St. 107, Apt. 42. [Phone: (04141) 54259] visited site on 4/8/95. Interviewed were Shleyfman Yakov Moiseevich of Shevchenko St., 67, Apt.15 on 4/7/95. Kogan completed survey on 10/08/1995. Documentation: Jewish Encyclopedia.
VOLODARSK-VOLYNSK II:     US Commission No. UA05430501
Alternate name: Kutuzow (Yiddish), Goroshki (German), Horoschki (Hungarian), Horoshki (Czech), Kutuzowe (Slov), Goroshki (Polish), Volodarsk (English), Volodarskoe (Russian), Kotozowo (Ukraine) and Kutuzowe (Hebrew). Volodarsk-Volynsk is at 50º36 28º27, 55 km from Zhitomir and 150 km from Kiev. The mass grave is located 1 km to N from town, right from road to Dashinka. Present town population is 5,001-25,000 with 11-100 Jews.      The Hasidic Jewish mass grave was dug in 1941. No other towns or villages Jews were murdered at this unlandmarked mass grave. The isolated rural (agricultural) flat land has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all. A continuous fence with no gate surrounds the mass grave. 1 to 20 stones are not toppled, broken, or removed. Some tombstones have metal fences around graves. The site contains marked mass graves. Municipality owns property used for mass burial site. Properties adjacent are agricultural. The mass grave boundaries are larger now than 1939. Rarely, local residents visit. This site was not vandalized. Local/municipal authorities did re-erection of stones. Now, individual clears or cleans occasionally. Vegetation overgrowth is a seasonal problem, preventing access. Moderate threat: uncontrolled access and vandalism. Slight threat: pollution, vegetation and proposed nearby development.
     Kogan Leonid of Novograd-Volynskiy, Lenina St. 107, Apt. 42. [Phone: (04141) 54259] visited site and completed survey on 10/8/95. Interviewed was Litvinchuk Mariya Andreevna of Volodarskogo St., 16, Apt, 7 on 4/7/95.
VOLODARSK-VOLYNSK III:     US Commission No. UA05430502
The mass grave is located in Kutuzov Park.      The Hasidic Jewish mass grave was dug in 1941. No other towns or villages Jews were murdered at this unlandmarked mass grave. The urban hillside, separate but near other cemeteries, has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all. No wall or fence, or gate surrounds the mass grave. No stones are visible or removed. Municipality owns site. The mass grave property is now used for recreational use (park, playground, sports) and mass burial site. Properties adjacent are recreational and residential. The mass grave boundaries are larger now than 1939. Rarely, local residents visit. This site was not vandalized. There is no maintenance. Vegetation overgrowth is a seasonal problem, preventing access. Moderate threat: uncontrolled access and vegetation. Slight threat: weather erosion, pollution, vandalism and p