International Association of Jewish Genealogical Societies - Cemetery Project

Instructions & Information Africa Asia & Pacific Ocean Middle East, Near East & Caucasus Eastern Europe Western Europe Atlantic Ocean & Caribbean British Isles North America Central America South America

POLAND


Skip to THE CEMETERIES "O"


THE CEMETERIES "N"

NAKEL: See Naklo

NAKLO:     US Commission No. POCE000603
Naklo, also Alternate name: Nakel (German, located in Bydgoszcz, 17.35º53.9 ), 30km from Bydgoszcz. Present town population is 5,000-25,000 with no Jews. The cemetery is located at ul. Mlynska.
     The earliest known Jewish community existed during the first half of the 19th century. 1939 Jewish population was 68. The isolated suburban flat land has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all with no wall, fence, or gate. The size of cemetery before World War II and now is 1.0 hectares. There are no visible gravestones or mass graves. There is a pre-burial house with nothing inside. Municipality owns site used for industrial or commercial use. Properties adjacent are commercial or industrial and residential. The cemetery is visited rarely. Existing incompatible nearby development is a moderate threat was vandalized during World War II. There is no care.
     Magdalena Grabowska, ul. Sanatoryjna 40, Bydgoszcz, Tel. 277335 completed survey on 30/10/1992. Documentation: the card of cemetery 1992 WKZ Bydgoszcz. She visited the site in 06/1992.

NAMSLAU: (German) see Namyslow

NAMYSLOW:     US Commission No. POCE000527
Alternate name: Namslau in German. Namyslow is located in Opolskie region at 51º04' 17º43', 52 km from Wrocean. The cemetery is located on Laczanska St. Present population is 25,000-100,00, no Jews.
     The earliest known Jewish community was 1321. 1938 Jewish population was 28. The Reform cemetery was established in 1794. The isolated urban flat land has no sign or marker, no wall, fence, or gate. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all. No gravestones are visible. No known mass graves. The municipality owns property used for recreation. Adjacent properties are residential. Rarely, private individuals visit. There has been no vandalism in the last ten years, no maintenance, no care. There are no threats.
     Marcin Wodzinski, Jednosci Narodoney 187/13, 50-303 Urocean, tel. 21-69-08 completed survey on March 14, 1992 after a visit in July 1989. Documentation: B. Brilling, Die Judischen Gemeinden Mittelschlesiens, Stuttgart 1972 and Geschichte D. Juden in Namslau. Jued. leitung. Ostdeutschland. 1930. Other older documentation exists.

NAREW:     US Commission No. POCE000121
Alternate name: Nazva (Yiddish). Narew is located in Bialystok at 52º55 23.32, 55 km SE of Bialystok. The cemetery is located at the mysterious place [sic] called Gnilica, in S part of town. Present population is 1,000-5,000 with no Jews.
     The earliest known Jewish community dates to the mid-16th century. 1931 Jewish population (census) was 362. About 1580, Jews were expulled from Narva. Living here were Rabbi Ruven Kahan and Rabbi Lejzerowski. The Progressive/Reform, Conservative, and Orthodox cemetery was established in the 19th century with last known Jewish burial 1939. Surrounding villages up to 10 km away also used this cemetery. Between fields and woods, the isolated rural flat land has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all with no wall or gate. The approximate size of before WWII was 1.00 hectares; it is now 0.40 hectares. The decrease results from agriculture and post-War devastation. 20-100 visible gravestones, gewer than 20 not in original positions, date of 1892. The sandstone, slate, and concrete rough stones or boulders, flat shaped stones, or finely smoothed and inscribed stones have Hebrew inscriptions. Some tombstones have traces of painting on their surfaces. The municipality owns the cemetery property used for agriculture, storage, and waste dumping. Properties adjacent are agricultural. Rarely, private visitors stop. The cemetery was vandalized during World War II and occasionally thereafter. There has been no maintenance.
     Tomasz Wisniewski, ul. Bema 95/99, Bialystok, Tel. 212-46 completed survey on 11/09/1991. He visited the site in 1989.
     In his book Jewish Bialystok on page 92-3, Wisniewski adds that the Jewish community dating from 1560 was forced to leave in 1580 due to a blood libel. The community was reestablished in the early 19th century. The 1897 Jewish population was 601 out of 1,434. The pre-WWII Jewish population was about 300. The cemetery with 70 gravestones recovered from Piaski Street curbs by Jan Topolanski is in Glinica Forest near the village of Makowka. [October 2000]
     UPDATE: Cemetery photos at http://www.kirkuty.xip.pl/narew.html [January 2006]

NAREWKA:     US Commission No. POCE000122
Alternate name: Mala Narewja (Polish). Narewka is located in Bialystok, 52º50 23º45, 55 km from Bialystok. The cemetery is located in E part of town by the road to Guszczewina. Present population is 1,000-5,000 Narewka with no Jews.
     The earliest known Jewish community existed in the 18th century. 1921 Jewish population (census) was 758. Rabbi Fajwel Grynberg lived here. The Orthodox, Conservative, and Progressive/Reform cemetery was established during the 19th century with last known Jewish burial 1942. The isolated forested hillside and crown of a hill has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all. A broken masonry wall with no gate surrounds. The approximate size of before WWII was 1.00 hectares; it is now 0.70 hectares. The decrease in size results from agriculture and reforestation. 20-100 gravestones, fewer than 20 are not in original positions with less than 25% toppled or broken, date of the mid-19th century. The limestone and slate rough stones or boulders have Hebrew inscriptions. Some tombstones have portraits on stones. The municipality owns property used for agriculture and storage. Properties adjacent are agricultural and forests. The cemetery was vandalized during and occasionally after World War II. Vegetation is the greatest threat.
     Tomasz Wisniewski, ul. Bema 95/99, Bialystok, Tel. 212-46 completed survey on 20/09/1991. He visited the site in 1989. Interviewed were Ksiadz Marian Zelazko at ul. 22 Lipca 15, 17-220 Narewka; Leon Dudaryck at ul. 22 Lipca 1/1, 17-220 Narewka and Barry Cohen, 22 Glenhurst, London NW5 1PS, England.
     Wisniewski's book Jewish Bialystok contradicts his above report. He states on p. 93 that the Jewish community formed in the beginning of the 19th century and that the 1880 Jewish population of 778 was about 90% of the 899 population. The cemetery containing 230 gravestones, according to his book, is partially surrounded by a stone wall "that states that the cemetery was completed just two weeks before the outbreak of World War II--on August 15, 1939." (p. 94) He also notes that one gravestone is labradorite, a rare Caucasus stone; and one has flakes of gold leaf in this site near Bialowieza Forest. Neighboring towns included Hajnowka, Bialowieza, and Szereszewo.
     A Holocaust memorial near the Christian cemetery on the N side of the railroad tracks has a plaque reading: "Common grave of 300 Jewish people murdered by the Nazis on the 5 August 1941. Honor to their memory." For more Jewish community information, contact Wiktor Kabac (former resident) at 421 Lakowa Street, Hajnowka, Poland or Nadzieja Sakowska at 55 Mickiewicza Street, Narewka, Poland. [October 2000]
     UPDATE: Cemetery photos at http://www.kirkuty.xip.pl/narewka.html [January 2006]

NAROL:     US Commission No. POCE000155
Narol is located in Przemysl region at 50º21' 23º20', 81 km from Przemysl and 50 km from Zamosc. Present population is 1,00-5,000, no Jews.
     Jan Powet Woyonczak, 21/1 Sandomieska St, Warsaw 02-567, tel. 49-54-62 completed survey on January 17, 1992 using documentation from the Monuments Preservation Office in Przemysl. The site was not visited.

NASIELSK:     US Commission No. POCE000372
Nasielsk is located in Ciechanow at 52º35 20º48, 25km from Pultusk. The cemetery is located at Kwiatowa St. Present town population is 5,000-25,000 with fewer than 10 Jews.
     The earliest known Jewish community existed in 1765. 1931 Jewish population (census) was 2923. The Orthodox, Sephardic Orthodox, Conservative, and Progressive/Reform cemetery was established in the 18th century with last known Jewish burial 1940. Between fields and woods, the isolated suburban flat land has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all with no wall, fence, or gate. The size of cemetery before WWII and now is 1.94 hectares. No stones are visible. The cemetery contains no mass graves, no structures. The municipality currently owns the cemetery used for Jewish cemetery and agriculture. Properties adjacent are agricultural and residential. Rarely, private visitors and local residents visit. It was vandalized during World War II, but not in the last ten years. No care.
     Wojcieck Henrykowski, ul. Spoldzielcza 20, 06-200 Makow Mazowiecki completed survey on 02/10/1991. Documentation: Ziema Ciechanowska--Materialy Do Dziejow Ziemi Plosckiej. Towarzystwo Naukowe Plockie 1985. He visited site on 2/10/91. Interviewed were the employees of the communal office in Nasielsk.

NAUGARD: (German) see Nowogard
NAZVA: See Narew
NEBILITZ: (Yiddish) see Niebylec
NEIDENBURG: (German) see Nidzica
NEISSE: (German) see NYSA
NEKLA: See Czerniejewo
NETZWALDE: See Rynarzewo
NEUBRUECK: see WARTOSLAW
NEUDAMM: (German) see Debno
NEUENBURG: See Nowe
NEUMARK: (German): see Nowe Miasto Lubawskie
NEUSTADT 6 PINNE: (German) see Lwowek
NEUSTADT: also used cemetery at Biala first half of 19th century
NEUSTADT: (German) see Wejherowo
NEUSTETTIN: see Szczecinek
NEUWEDELL: (German) see Drawno
NICOLAI: (German) see Mikolow

NIDZICA (I): AS 161
Alternate name: Neidenburg in German. Nidzicais located in the Olsztynskie region at 53º21' 20º25', 51 km from Olsztyn. The cemetery is on Nowomiejska St. Present population is 5,000-25,000, no Jews.
     The earliest known Jewish community was 1817. (24 Jews in 1819) 1937Jewish population was 56. The Orthodox and Reform cemetery was established in the first half of the 19th century with last known burial in the late 1930's. Landmarked: Register of Monuments of the voivodship of Olsztyn. The isolated suburban hillside has no sign or marker, no wall, fence, or gate. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all. The size before WWII and now is.12 ha. 20-100 gravestones, 1 -20 in original location with less than 25% toppled or broken, date of 1870-19th century. The sandstone flat stones with carved relief decoration have Hebrew and German inscriptions. There are no mass graves. The municipality owns site used for Jewish cemetery only. Adjacent properties are agricultural and residential. Rarely, private visitors and local residents visit. There is no maintenance, no care, no structures. Security, weather erosion, vegetation, vandalism and proposed development are slight threats. Vegetation overgrowth is a seasonal problem preventing access.
     Wiktor Knercer, 10-685 Olsztyn, 33/16 Barza St, tel. 33-86-07 completed survey in October 1991 after a visit the same month. Documentation: Frederichs Deutsches Stadtechbuch, Stuttgart 1939 and Statistisches Handbuch fur dei Provinz Ostpreussen, 1938. He may have other information.
NIDZICA (II): AS 162 See Nidzica (I) for town and historical information. The Orthodox and Reform cemetery was established in 19th century with last known burial in the late 1930's. Landmark: register of monuments of the voivodship of Olsztyn. The isolated suburban flat land has no sign or marker, no gate. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all. A broken masonry wall surrounds. The size before WWII and now is.34 ha. 20-100 stones, less than 25% toppled or broken, date of the 20th centuryThe sandstone and other flat stones with carved relief decorations have Hebrew and German inscriptions. There are no mass graves, no structures. The municipality owns site used for Jewish cemetery only. Adjacent properties are agricultural and residential. Rarely, private visitors and local residents visit. There is no maintenance, no care. Security, weather erosion, vandalism and incompatible nearby development are slight threats. See Nidzica (I) for survey information.

NIEBYLEC:     US Commission No. POCE000500
Alternate name: Nebilitz in Yiddish. Niebylec is located in Rzeszow province, 49º52' at 21º54', 40 km form Rzeszow. Present population is under 1,000 with no Jews.
     The earliest known Jewish community was the 18th century. 1939 Jewish population was 200. The synagogue was built in the 18th century. The cemetery, 1 km from the community, was established in the 18th-19th century with last burial during WWII. The isolated rural hillside has no sign or marker, no wall, fence, or gate. Reached by crossing other public property, access is open to all. The cemetery was 1000 m before WWII and does not exist now. No gravestones are visible. Removed stones were incorporated into roads or structures in Niebylec. The municipality owns site used for industrial or commercial use. Adjacent properties are agricultural. The cemetery is a smaller area due to commercial or industrial development. Rarely, private visitors stop. The cemetery was vandalized during WWII. There is no maintenance, no care, no structures, no known mass graves.
     Natascha Rode, 5/29 Stanynskiego St, Rzeszow 35-213 completed survey in June 1992 after a visit. Mrs. Stosikowe, Niebylec 100 was interviewed.
     Gruber, Ruth Ellen. Jewish Heritage Travel A Guide to East-Central Europe. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1992. p. 77
      http://www.shtetlinks.jewishgen.org/Kolbuszowa (Shtetlink) [November 2002]

NIEDZICA:     US Commission No. POCE000750
Niedzica is located in the region of Nowy Sacz, commune of Tapsze Nizne, at 49º24' 20º18', 35 km from Nowy Targ and 50 km from Nowy Soyir. The cemetery is located SE of a village center, on the site called Podgtebokie. Present population is 25,00-100,000, no Jews.
     1921 Orthodox Jewish population was 43. The isolated wooded rural hillside has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all with a continuous fence, no gate. The size is 58 sq. m. 1-20 gravestpmes in original locations with less than 25% toppled or broken date of the 19th-20th centuries. The marble and sandstone finely smoothed and inscribed or with carved relief decorations have Hebrew inscriptions. There are no known mass graves. The cemetery used for Jewish cemetery only. Rarely, private visitors stop. The cemetery was vandalized during WWII. Society for the Protection of Monuments in Warsaw fixed wall. There is no current care. Vandalism is a slight threat. Security is a moderate threat. Weather erosion i.e humidity is a serious threat. Vegetation (i.e tree roots "remove" gravestones) is a very serious threat, disturbing stones. Water drainage is a seasonal problem.
     Piotr Antoniak, 5 m 36 Dobro St, Priszkow 05-800, completed survey on September 7, 1992 after a visit on August 22, 1992.

NIEMIROW:     US Commission No. POCE000141
Alternate name: "Wolczynka". Niemirow is located in Bialystok at 52º18 23º09, 100km from Bialystok. The cemetery is located in E part of town, near road. Present population is under 1,000 with no Jews.
     The earliest known Jewish community was in 1708. 1921 Jewish population (census) was 149. Rabbi Szmuel Rabinowicz lived here. The Orthodox and Conservative cemetery was established during the 19th century with last known Jewish burial 1939. The isolated forested rural area on a hillside by water has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all with no wall, gate or fence. The approximate size of cemetery before WWII was 0.50 hectares. The cemetery has been completely destroyed. There are no gravestones. Municipality owns site used for agriculture. Properties adjacent are agricultural. The boundaries were smaller than in 1939 because of agriculture and reforestation. The cemetery was vandalized during World War II. There has been no maintenance, restoration, or care.
     Tomasz Wisniewski, ul. Bema 95/99, Bialystok, Tel. 212-46 completed survey on 22/09/1991. He visited the site in 1988.

NIEPOLOMICE: see reference to WWI cemetery in the Introduction book section
NIEPOLOMICE: AS 163
Niepolomice is located in Krakow region at 50º02 N 20º13E, about 20 km SE, E of Cracow. The cemetery is located on Bohaterow Getta Street, perpendicular to Bochenska Street. Present town population is 5,000-25,000, currently no Jews.
     The earliest known Jewish community in Niepolomice was about 1749. 1921 Jewish population was 907. The Orthodox Jewish cemetery was established in the second half of the 19th century. Josef Tetelbaum, the first rabbi of Niepolomice, was buried in this cemetery (he died in 1916). The last known Jewish burial was in 1942. The isolated suburban flat land has no sign or marker. A broken masonry wall with no gate surrounds. Reached by turning directly off a public road, it is open to all. Before WWII the cemetery was approximately 0.5 hectares; it is now 0.1925 hectares. 20-100 gravestones with 20 -100 in original location with 25%-50% toppled or broken. Removed stones are included in the foundation of private houses and re-cycled by local stone carvers. The gravestones date of 1910 or 19th century (according to a former analyst). The marble, granite and sandstone finely smoothed and inscribed stones or flat stones with carved relief decoration have Hebrew inscriptions. The cemetery contains no special memorial monuments and no known mass graves. The municipality currently owns the cemetery property used only as a Jewish cemetery. Properties adjacent are residential. The cemetery size has been reduced as a result of a housing development. Private visitors visit rarely. The cemetery was not vandalized in the last ten years. Local/municipal authorities cleared vegetation and occasionally clear or clean. There are no structures. Serious security and vandalism threats faced this cemetery.
     Malgorzata Radolowicz, 37 Florianska St, apt. 3, Krakow, visited the site on July 10, 1995 and completed the survey. Miscellaneous local residents were interviewed on July 10, 1995. Tadeusz Jakubowicz was interviewed on August 18, 1995.

NIEPOLOMICE:
     Kriegerfriedhof (war cemetery) Nr.328. {10846} 1 Jewish soldier from WWI. Source: erich.fritsch@sol.at
     Mass grave memorial at Niepolomice is located within the Puszcze-Niepolomskie [dense woods] and memorializes those killed by the Nazis on 14 Elul 5702 [August 27, 1942]. Information and names from pictures taken 8-24-1990 is available from Steve Blum diagrad@hotmail.com. [October 2000]
     UPDATE: Cemetery photos at http://www.kirkuty.xip.pl/niepolomice.htm [May 2006]

NIEZBUDKA: (Russian) see Michalowo
NIKOLAIKEN: (German) see Mikolajki

NISKO:     US Commission No. POCE000239
Nisko is located in Tarnobrzeg, 50º31 22º08, 40km from Tarnobrzeg. The cemetery is located on the edge of a young forest, W of the road Lublin-Rzeszow, between railway station and the suburb, Warcholy. Present population is 5,000-25,000, with no Jews.
     1921 Jewish population (census) was 499. The Orthodox Jewish cemetery was established in second half of nineteenth century. The isolated suburban flat land is open to all, reached by turning directly off a public road with no sign or marker, no wall or gate. The size of cemetery before WWII and now is 1.00 hectares. The cemetery was vandalized in WWII and since is totally destroyed. There are no stones or structures. The municipality owns the cemetery property, used for recreational and industrial purposes. Properties adjacent are residential and agricultural. A young pine forest now stands on the site. There is also contains an illegal sandpit that destroyed the central part of the cemetery. If any graves are still preserved under the surface, they are threatened by the further exploitation of sand and a future housing development.
     Marek Florek, ul. Chopina 12/2, 37-420 Rudnik n/Ganem, ph: 26 completed survey on 13/11/1991. Documentation: Karta ewidencji cmentarza. No other documentation is known to exist. He visited the site on 13/11/1991.
      http://www.shtetlinks.jewishgen.org/Kolbuszowa (Shtetlink) [November 2002]

NOVA GORICA:
alternate name: Gorezia Source: Gruber, Ruth Ellen. Jewish Heritage Travel A Guide to East-Central Europe. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1992. p. 38

NOVA POLLONNOYE:
Polonnoye used this cemetery. Person to contact about grave locations is Semyon Benetsianov, Ukraine, 281000 Polonnoye, Khmelnitsky region, Kievskaya 7. Telephone: 011 380 38 433 1453. The unlandmarked cemetery is inactive. The isolated rural (agricultural) crown of a hill by water is reached by crossing private property. No wall, fence, or gate surrounds the site. Gravestones date of the 20th century. 20-100 gravestones are in cemetery, 20-100 gravestones in original location with less than 25% toppled or broken. The limestone and sandstone tombstones rough stones or boulders with Hebrew, Yiddish, and Russian inscriptions. The present owner is unknown. Properties adjacent are agricultural and residential. Rarely, private visitors stop. No care, maintenance or structures. Security (uncontrolled access) and pollution are a slight threat. Weather erosion is a moderate threat. The vegetation overgrowth in the cemetery is not a problem.
     Ellen Shindelman, 5400 N. 27th Road, Arlington, VA 22207 USA grapevyn@erols.com visited the cemetery in July 1997. She completed the survey on 24 Sep 1997.

NOVI MIASTO, NEISHTAT: (Yiddish) see Miasto Nad Pilica
NOVOMINSK: (Yiddish) see Minsk Mazowiecki

NOWA SLUPIA:     US Commission No. POCE000301
Nowa Slupia is located in Kielce region at 50º50 N 21º.00E, about 35 km from Kielce. The cemetery is located on Kielecka Street. Present town population is 1,000-5,000 with no Jews.
     The earliest known Jewish community was in 1860 (or 1877). 1921 Jewish population was 306 (10%). The Orthodox and Conservative Jewish cemetery was established in the 18th century with last known Jewish burial in 1942. The isolated urban flat land has no sign or marker. No wall, gate, or fence surround. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all. The cemetery is now approximately 0.5. No gravestones are visible. The cemetery contains no special memorial monuments or known mass graves. The municipality currently owns the cemetery property used only as a Jewish cemetery. Properties adjacent are agricultural and residential. Private Jewish visitors visit rarely. The cemetery was vandalized during W.W.II, but not in the last ten years. No maintenance. There are no structures. Slight threats only.
     Dr. Adam Penhalla, ul. Gagavina 9/24, Radom, tel. 48 - 366 35 34 visited site and completed survey and may have information about the cemetery. Documentation: personal Penhalla papers.

NOWE:     US Commission No. POCE000604
Alternate name: Neuenburg (German). Nowe is located in Bydgoszcz, 53º38 18º43, 22km from Grudziadz. The cemetery is located at ul. Garbuzy. Present population is 5,000-25,000 with no Jews.
     The earliest known Jewish community in Nowe existed during the first half of the 19th century. 1927 Jewish population was 98. The cemetery was established during the 19th century. The isolated suburban at the crown of a hill has no sign. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all with no wall or gate. The size of cemetery before WWII and now is about 1.00 hectares. There are no visible gravestones or mass graves. There is an empty pre-burial house. Municipality owns property used for agriculture. Properties adjacent are agricultural. The cemetery is visited rarely. The cemetery was vandalized during World War II with no maintenance. Existing incompatible nearby development is a moderate threat.
     Magdalena Grabowska, ul. Sanatoryjna 40, Bydgoszczph, Tel. 277335 completed survey on 30/10/1992. The card of cemetery 1992 WKZ Bydgoszcz was documentation. The site was visited in June 1992.

NOWE BRZESKO: AS 164
Nowe Brzesko is located in Krakow region at 50º08 N 20º22E, about 43 km E of Cracow. The cemetery is located approximately 2 km NW of the city center (from the market on Krakowska St, then Partyzantow St, and then to the right alongside road to Proszowice, heading in the direction of the brick mill (cegielnia) in Szpitary). Present town population is 1,000-5,000 with no Jews.
     The earliest known Jewish community in Nowe Brzesko was after 1862. 1921 Jewish population was 457. From 1223-1818, this town was in possession of a monastery in Hebdow with privilege "de non tolerandis Judaeis"; these restrictions continued after 1818, and were enforced because of the proximity of the state border. The restrictions and limitations were lifted in 1862. The Orthodox Jewish cemetery was established after 1862. The last known Jewish burial was probably in 1941. The isolated rural (agricultural) hillside has no sign or marker with no wall, fence or gate. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all. Before W.W.II the cemetery was approximately 0.36 hectares; the present size of the cemetery cannot be determined (1960 survey: 0.07 hectares). No granite stones are visible. The cemetery contains no known mass graves. A private owner uses site for agriculture (crops or animal grazing). Properties adjacent are agricultural. Private visitors rarely visit. The cemetery was vandalized during W.W.II, but not in the last ten years. There is no maintenance done on the cemetery, and it is not cared for at all now. There are no structures. Serious security, vandalism and vegetation threats face this cemetery. There is also a moderate pollution threat.
     Malgorzata Radolowicz, 37 Florianska St, apt. 3, Krakow visited the site on July 24, 1995 and completed survey. A land survey chart at the local Community Council was used. Interviewed were Marek Wypych, City's Land Surveyor (on July 24, 1995); workers at the brick mill (on July 24, 1995); and Tadeusz Jakubowicz (August 18, 1995).

NOWE MIASTO:     US Commission No. POCE000367
Nowe Miasto is located in Ciechanow at 52º39 20º38, 19km from Plonsk. The cemetery is located on left side of road from Nowe Miasto to Wolka in the "folwark" settlement. Present population is less than 1,000 with no Jews.
     The earliest Jewish community existed after 1775. 1921 Jewish population (census) was 780. The Orthodox, Sephardic Orthodox, Conservative, and Progressive/Reform cemetery was established in the 19th century with last known Jewish burial 1942. The isolated rural (agricultural) on flat land has a sign in Polish that states that the site is a Jewish cemetery. Reached by crossing private property, access is open to all with no wall or fence. The approximate size of before WWII was 1.00 hectares; it is now 0.60 hectares. Fewer than 20 gravestones remain in the cemetery with less than 25% broken or toppled. The tombstones date from 1840-20th centuries. The granite and sandstone rough stones or boulders, flat shaped stones, or flat stones with carved relief decorations have Hebrew and Yiddish inscriptions. Some tombstones have traces of painting on their surfaces. The cemetery contains no known mass graves. There are no structures. A regional or national governmental agency owns property used for Jewish cemetery and agriculture. Properties adjacent are agricultural. Occasionally, private visitors and local residents visit. The cemetery was vandalized during World War II, but not in the last ten years. No care. Vegetation overgrowth is a seasonal problem that prevents access.
     Wojcieck Henrykowski, ul. Spoldzielcza 20, 06-200 Makow Mazowiecki completed survey on 02/10/1991. Documentation: collection of Panstwowa Sluzba Ochrony Zabytkow w Ciechanowie, nr 164/86 Ziemia Materialy do Ziemi Plodiej, Plock 1985. He visited site on 2 September 1991 and interviewed Nowe Miasto communal office employees.

NOWE MIASTO LUBAWSKIE: (I) AS 165
(Alternate name: Neumark in W Preussen) Nowe Miasto Lubawskie is located in region Toninskie at 53º2519º36, about 90 km from Toninio. The cemetery is located in Tomasza Square (formerly Thomasplatz in German), at the corner of Sienkiewiczo (formerly: Genichtstrasse in German) i 25-Lecio PRI (formerly: Lindenstrasse in German). Present town population is 25,000-100,000 with fewer than 10 Jews.
     The earliest known Jewish community was 1816. 1921 Jewish population was 33 among the 3901 inhabitants. Effecting the Jewish community were (1) 1858- receiving of the statute; (2) 1857/1858- building of the synagogue at then Synagogenstrasse, now Kazimierza Wilhiego Street; and (3) departure of the majority of local Jews from town after W.W.I. Living here were (1) Kasper Danolshut, Hermahn Cohn, Abraham Hirsch, Wolf Schild-members of the community board, 1921; (2) Efraim Kowadio, cantor and religion teacher, 1921; (3) Leiba Feigebaum-ritual slaughterer, 1923; (4) Kanol Hirsch and Alexander Itzig-members of the community board, 1923; and (5) Myzen Ivebrnik-Rabbi, 1930. The Orthodox Jewish cemetery was established by the end of the 18th Century. The last known Jewish burial was in the 1870s. The isolated urban flat land has no sign or marker, no wall, fence, or gate. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all. No tombstones are visible. No known mass graves or structures. The municipality owns site used for recreation. Properties adjacent are residential. The cemetery was vandalized during W.W.II.
     mgr. Mancha Stocka, ul. Lyskowskiego 37E / 185, 87-100 Torun visited site and completed survey on Oct. 24, 1991. The staff of the Municipality in Nowe Miasto Lubawskie was interviewed.
NOWE MIASTO LUBAWSKIE (II): AS 166
     (formerly Chaussee nach Bratian in German). The cemetery is located on ul. Gen. Swierczwskiego. The Orthodox Jewish cemetery was established in the 1880s. The isolated urban slightly raised ground has no sign or marker, no wall, fence, or gate. Reached by turning directly off a public road, open to all. No tombstones are visible. No known mass graves or structures. The municipality owns site used for recreation. Properties adjacent are residential. The cemetery was vandalized during W.W.II. mgr.
     Mancha Stocka, ul. Lyskowskiego 37E / 185, 87-100 Torun visited site and completed survey on Oct. 24, 1991. Scientific and historical documentation was used. The staff of the Municipality in Nowe Miasto Lubawskie were interviewed.

NOWE MIASTO NAD PILICA:     US Commission No. POCE000082
Alternate Yiddish name: Novi Miasto, Neishtat. Nowe Miasto Nad Pilica is located in the Radomskie region at 51º37 N 20º37E, about 81 km from Warszawa. The cemetery is located at 11 Listopada Street. Present town population is 5,000-25,000 with no Jews.
     The earliest known Jewish community was 1754. 1921 Jewish population was 780, 39.6%. The Conservative Jewish cemetery was established prior to 1754. The last known Jewish burial was in 1942. The isolated urban flat land has no sign or marker. No wall, fence, or gate surrounds. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all. The present size of the cemetery is 0.5 hectares. No tombstones are visible. No known mass graves. Municipality owns site used for waste dumping. Properties adjacent are commercial. Compared to 1939, the cemetery boundaries enclose a smaller area, reduced by commercial development. Private Jewish visitors visit rarely. The cemetery was vandalized during W.W.II. No care or structures. Very serious threats: vandalism and incompatible nearby developments (existing, planned, and proposed). Serious security, water erosion, pollution, and vegetation threats face the cemetery.
     Dr. Adam Penkalla, deceased, visited on July 3 and completed survey on July 10, 1991. Documentation: possession of Adam Penkalla.

NOWOGARD:     US Commission No. POCE000204
Alternate German name: Naugard. Nowogard is located in region Szczecin at 53º4015º10, 48 km from Szczecin. Alternate German name: Naugard. The address of the cemetery is ul. Wojska Polskiego, Nowogard 72-200. Present town population is 1,000-5,000 with no Jews.
     The earliest known Jewish community was 1856 (maybe 1836). The Jewish cemetery was established about 1848-1850 withlast known Jewish burial about 1944 (1939?) The isolated urban flat land by water has no sign or marker. No wall, fence, or gate surrounds. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all. The size of the cemetery before W.W.II and now is approximately 0.25 hectares. 1 to 20 gravestones are visible, some in original location with less than 25% of the stones toppled or broken. Tombstones date from 1892- 20th century. The granite, limestone and sandstone rough stones or boulders or flat shaped stones have Hebrew and German inscriptions. The cemetery contains no known mass graves or structures. The municipality owns site used for recreation. Properties adjacent are recreational, agricultural and residential. Private visitors or local residents visit rarely. The cemetery was vandalized during W.W.II, and frequently now. No maintenance done. Vegetation overgrowth in the cemetery is a constant problem, disturbing graves and damaging stones. Water drainage is a seasonal problem. Slight threats: security, pollution, and incompatible nearby developments (existing and proposed).
     A. Kowalczyk, ul. Moniuszki 4/B, 73-110 Stargard, tel. 73-44-40, who visited the site on October 10, 1991 completed survey on December 1, 1991. Documentation: Karta Cmentarza, Nowogard, ul. Wojska Polskiego.

NOWOGRODEU POMORSKI: used cemetery at Mysliborz

NOWOTANIEC:     US Commission No. POCE000729
Nowotaniec is located in voivodship of Krosno at 49º33N 22º03E, about 48 km from Krosno. The cemetery is located 1.5 km westward of the village center. Present town population is under 1,000 with no Jews.
     1921 Orthodox Jewish population was 42. The isolated rural flat land has no sign or marker. No wall, fence, or gate surrounds. Reached by crossing private property, access is open to all. No gravestones are visible. No known mass graves or structures are within its limits. The unknown present owner uses site for agriculture. Properties adjacent are agricultural. Private visitors rarely visit. The cemetery was vandalized prior to W.W.II. No maintenance. Vegetation is a seasonal problem preventing access. Water erosion is a moderate threat.
     Piotr Antoniak, ul. Dobra 5m36, 05-800 Praszkol visited site Aug. 8, 1992 and completed survey on Sept. 11, 1992.

NOWY DWOR:     US Commission No. POCE000134
Nowy Dwor is located in Bialystok, 53º38 23º33, 90km from Bialystok. The cemetery is located in NE part of town. Present population is 1,000-5,000 with no Jews.
.      The earliest known Jewish community was 16th century. 1921 Jewish population (census) was 402. Living here were Rabbi Izaak Kamieniecki and Rabbi Chaim Dawiolowicz Oksztein. The Orthodox and Conservative cemetery was established during the 16th century with last known Jewish burial in 1939. Surrounding villages up to 10kms away also used this cemetery. The isolated rural flat land and hillside have no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to al with no wall or gate. The approximate size of cemetery before WWII was 1.00 hectares. The cemetery no longer exists. There are no gravestones, structures or mass graves. Municipality owns site used for agriculture. Properties adjacent are agricultural. The cemetery was vandalized during World War II. No care.
     Tomasz Wisniewski, ul. Bema 95/99, Bialystok, Tel. 212-46 completed survey on 23/09/1991. He visited in 1989. S. Karczewnik at Nowy Dwor 6, Holon, Israel 58395 was interviewed.
     http://www.boker.org.il/davids/nowydwor/ [October 2000]
[Note: This is not the town that was in Lida uezd, formerly Vilna guberniya, Lithuania and now Grodno region, Belarus.]

NOWY KORCZYN (I):     US Commission No. POCE000292
Nowy Korczyn is located in Kielce region at 50º17N 20º52E, about 75 km from Krakow. The address of the cemetery is ul. Grotnicka. Present town population is 1,000-5,000 with no Jews.
     The earliest known Jewish community was about 1564 (maybe 1569). 1921 Jewish population was 2,478, 67.3%. Effecting the Jewish community was May 26, 1659 confirmation by Jan Kazimierz of the privilege granted to the Jews. Saul Szmychowicz, an 18th Century rabbi, lived here. The Orthodox Jewish cemetery was established about 1554-1569. The last known Jewish burial was 1942. The isolated urban flat land has no sign or marker. No wall, fence, or gate surrounds. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all. The present size of the cemetery is 0.2 hectares. No gravestones are visible. The 20 to 100 stones are not in original position. Removed stones were incorporated into the church cloister. The cemetery contains no known mass graves. The municipality owns site used for storage. Properties adjacent are commercial and residential. Rarely, private Jewish visitors stop. The cemetery was vandalized during W.W.II, but not in the last ten years. No maintenance done. Very serious threat: storage-incompatible nearby commercial development (existing and planned). Serious: pollution and vandalism; moderate: security and water erosion; and a slight: vegetation.
     Dr. Adam Penkalla, deceased, completed survey and visited the site. Documentation: his personal files.
NOWY KORCZYN (II):     US Commission No. POCE000293
     For town information, see Nowy Korczyn (I). The Orthodox (quartier Grotniki) site was established in 1765 with last known Jewish burial 1942. The isolated suburban flat land has no sign or marker. No wall, fence, or gate surrounds. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all. The present size of the cemetery is 0.5 hectares. No gravestones are visible OR 20 to 100 are not in original position with less than 25% toppled or broken. Removed stones were incorporated into the church cloister. The cemetery contains no known mass graves. The municipality owns site used for agriculture. Properties adjacent are agricultural and residential. Compared to 1939, the cemetery boundaries enclose a smaller areaas the result of agriculture. Rarely, private Jewish visitors stop. The cemetery was vandalized during W.W.II, but not in the last ten years. No maintenance done. There is a moderate pollution threat. Slight threats are security, weather erosion, and vegetation threats.
     Dr. Adam Penkalla, deceased, visited site and completed survey. Documentation: his personal files.
     Source: Gruber, Ruth Ellen. Jewish Heritage Travel A Guide to East-Central Europe. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1992. p. 77

NOWY MYSZYNIEC: used Myszyniec

NOWY SACZ:     US Commission No. POCE000075 or 751
Nowy Sacz is located in Nowy Sacz region at 20º42 49º37, 55km from Tarnow and 104km from Krakow. The cemetery is located on Rybacka Street. The town population is 25,000-100,000 with fewer than 10 Jews.
     The earliest known Jewish community was about 1690. 1921 Jewish population was 9009. Tzadik Chaim ben Leib, (1793-1876) settled there in 1830. He (1876) and Aron ben of Chaim (1906) are buried there. The landmarked cemetery was established during the second half of the 19th century with last known Orthodox Jewish burials in 1968 and 1969. The isolated urban flat land has a sign or marker in Polish and Hebrew mentioning Jews and the Holocaust. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all. A masonry wall and locking gate surrounds. The approximate size of before WWII and now is 3.19 ha. 100 and 500 gravestones, all in original positions with 50-75% toppled or broken, date from the 19th-20th centuries. The cemetery is not divided into sections. The marble, granite, sandstone and concrete finely smoothed and inscribed stones or flat stones with carved relief decoration have Hebrew and Polish inscriptions. The cemetery contains monuments to Holocaust victims, marked and unmarked mass graves, and an ohel. The cemetery used as a Jewish cemetery only. Properties adjacent are commercial or industrial, agricultural and residential. Occasionally, organized Jewish groups and private visitors stop. The cemetery was vandalized but not in the last ten years. Jewish individuals and groups from abroad re-erected stones, cleared vegetation, fixed wall and gate 1989 thorugh 1991. Contributions from visitors and Leo Getterer Foundation pay regular caretaker. (see above address). Weather erosion and vegetation are moderate threats. Vegetation is a seasonal problem preventing access. Pollution is a slight threat.
     Piotr Antoniak ul. Dobra 5m 36, 05-800 Praszkow (see Bobowa) completed survey on 9/4/1992 after a visit on 8/28/1992. Andrzej Swierczek (see above) was interviewed.
     Miriam Weiner reports that there were 25,000 burials in this cemetery. See Poland Introduction.
     The cemetery appeared to be in remarkably good condition. Mostly all of the tombstones were upright. Monuments to the Holocaust and ohels were in also in good condition. Grass and ground vegetation was generally under control. There was no graffiti on the cemetery walls or on the tombstones. Source: Leonard Markowitz; Priluki@voicenet.com [date?]
     Source: Gruber, Ruth Ellen. Jewish Heritage Travel A Guide to East-Central Europe. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1992. p. 77

NOWY TARG:     US Commission No. POCE000752
Nowy Targ in the region of Nowy Sacz at 49º29'N 20º2E, 82km from Krakow and 73km from Nowy Sacz. Cemetery is located at Jana Pawla II Street, Kool 34-400. Present town population is 1000-5000 with no Jews.
     1921 Jewish population was 1,342. The Orthodox Jewish cemetery was established about 1875. Abroihoim Mosze Kopito was buried here. The isolated urban flat land has a sign or plaque in local language and Hebrew mentioning the Holocaust, the Jewish Community and famous individuals buried there. Reached by turning off of a public road, access is open to all. A continuous masonry wall with non-locking gate surround. The approximate size of the cemetery before WWII and now is 0.58 ha in size. 20-100 gravestones, in original locations with 50%-75% toppled or broken, date from 1869 or 1875-20th century. The cemetery is not divided into sections. The marble and sandstone finely smoothed and inscribed flat stones with carved decorations or double tombstones have Hebrew and Polish inscriptions. The cemetery contains a special memorial monument to Holocaust victims and marked mass graves. Municipality owns site. It is used as a Jewish cemetery only. Properties adjacent are residential. The cemetery is visited occasionally privately and by organized individual tours. The cemetery has been know to have been vandalized during WWII and not in the last ten years. There has been care taken to re-erect stone, cleared vegetation, fixed wall and repair of the gate. The local/municipal authorities as well as Jewish groups abroad have been responsible for the work. Restoration was done in 1990 The cemetery has a regular caretaker. Security and incompatible nearby development are a slight threat; weather erosion, pollution, vegetation, vandalism are a moderate threat to the cemetery.
     The site was visited 8/1992 and survey completed 9/7/92 by Piotr Antoniock, ul Dobroi 5m 36, 05-800 Pruszkow. (see: BOBAWA)
     UPDATE: http://www.polishjews.org/cemet/nowytarg.htm has photo. [August 2005]

NOWY WISNICZ: See Wisnicz Nowy

NOWY ZMIGROD:     US Commission No. POCE000730
The town of Nowy Zmigrod is in Krosno region at 21º32E, 49º37' N, 18 km from Jasto and 37 km from the larger town of Krosno. The cemetery is 1500 meters off the market square, by the road to Jaslo. Present population is 1000-5000 with no Jews.
Village (Naczelnik): Urzad Gminy, 38-230 Nowy Zmigrod, tel.#5 and telex # 65446 ug. Regional: region Konserwator Zabytkow mgr. Alojry, Cabatoi, ul Bieoscraolzka 1, 38-400 Krosno, tel. 21-974 and see Baligrod.
     1921 Jewish population was 940 persons. The earliest know Orthodox Jewish community was the sixteenth century. The isolated suburban hillside has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly of a public road, access is open to all with no wall or fence or gate. The size of the cemetery is 0.2 ha. and was the same before WWII. 100-500 gravestones in the original positions and 1-20 not in its original location with 50 to 75% toppled or broken date from 1742-twentieth century. The cemetery is not divided into sections. The sandstone finely smoothed and inscribed or flat stones with carved decorations have Hebrew inscriptions. No known mass graves. Unknown owner uses the property only as a cemetery. Properties adjacent are agricultural. Rarely, private visitors stop. The cemetery was vandalized during World War II and has no maintenance. Security, weather erosion, vegetation, (overgrown young trees breaking gravestones) and vandalism pose a very serious threat. Water drainage is a seasonal problem.
     Piotr Antoniock, who also completed the survey for Baligrod, visited site May 5, 1992 and completed the survey on September 11, 1992.
     UPDATE: Cemetery photos at http://www.kirkuty.xip.pl/nowyzmigrod.htm [January 2006]

NR 35 OLPINY:
Only a rectangular group of bushes exists. 49º47'55"N, 21º12'50"E, 353m; no stones. Farmers said that last year somebody lit some candles. Devastated forever. Source: erich.fritsch@sol.at

NUR:
http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Park/9749/nur.html. 52°40' 22°19', 100 km east of Warsaw, 75 km SW of Bialystok, on the right side of the Bug River, between Ciechanowiec and Czyzewo. Alternate name: Danir. [October 2000]

NYSA:     US Commission No. POCE00528
Alternate name: Neisse, in German. Nysa is in the region of Wojenodztwo ati 50º28'17º20', 61 km from Opole. The cemetery is located at ul. Wojska Polskiego. Present town population is 25,000-100,000 with no Jews present.
1938 Progressive/Reform Jewish population was 152 persons. Date of earliest known Jewish community was 1351. The unlandmarked suburban hillside,part of a municipal cemetery, has no signs or markers. Access is turning directly off a public road. The cemetery is open to all with no walls, fences or gates. No stones are visible. The cemetery did not survive. The marble, granite and sandstone stones are gone. There are no known mass graves. Municipality owns site used for waste dumping. Properties adjacent are residential. Rarely, private visitors stop.
     Marcin Wodzinski, ul. Jednoscinarodonej 187/43. 50-303 Wroclaw tel. 210908 or 216908 [sic] completed survey on April 15, 1992. Documentation: Neisse. Das Schlesische Rom, Wurzburg 1988; Neisse, Berlin, 1925. Marcin Wodzinski visited the site for the survey on April 5, 1992. Neighbors near the cemetery were interviewed.

THE CEMETERIES "O"

OBERGLOGAU: (German) see Glogowek
OBERSITZKO: (German) see Obrzycko

OBR ZYCKO:     US Commission No. POCE000465
Alternate German name: Obersitzko. The town is in the region Pozrawskie at 16º32' 52º42', 50 km from Poznania. The cemetery is located in ul. Stawra. Present town population is 1000-5000 with no Jews.
1921 Conservative Jewish population was 75 (5%). Approximate distance from congregation was 0.3 km. The isolated suburban flat land has no signs or markers. Access is turning directly off a public road. The cemetery has no walls, fences or gates and is open to all. No stones are visible. Municipality owns site used for recreation. Properties adjacent are residential. The cemetery was vandalized during World War II. There is no maintenance.
     Pniewski Staurmir(?) Poznan visited site and completed survey in August 1991. A German map of 1940 (or 1740) was documentation.

OBORNIK: (German) see Oberniki

OBORNIKI:     US Commission No. POCE000456
Alternate name: Obornik in German. The cemetery is located in the village of Czarkowsba in the Woj Poznaniskie at 52º39' 16º49', 30 km from Poznania. Present population is 5000-25,000 with no Jews.
     The earliest known Jewish community was fifteenth century. 1921 Jewish population was 137 (3.3%). The Conservative Jewish Cemetery, 1 km from community, was established in the fifteenth century. The isolated suburban flat land has no signs or markers. Reached turning directly off a public road, access open to all with no walls, fences or gates. Municipality owns property. Property adjacent are a swimming pool and the forest. The cemetery was vandalized during World War II. Within the limits of the cemetery is a swimming pool building.
     Pniewski (rest illegible), Poznan completed survey in August 1991. Documentation: Heppner, A., and Herzberg, J., Aus Vergangenheit und Gegen. Die Juden und die judischen gemeinden in den Posener Landen, 1905-79, with photos. He visited in 1990 and interviewed local inhabitants.

OBRZYCKO:     US Commission No. POCE000465
In Poznan. The US Commission is not finished rechecking this file. [2000]

ODOLANOW:     US Commission No. POCE000481
Alternate name: Adelnau in German. It is located in the region Kaliskie at 51º34, is 17º42', 75 km NNE of Wrockaw. The cemetery location is off a dirt road, NW ward of the crossing of Przemysiewa and Kootoszyriska St. Present population is 1000-5000 with no Jews.
     The earliest Jewish community dates back to before 1771; 1921 population was 27. The Progressive/Reform Jewish cemetery was established about 19th century. The isolated rural wooded flat has no sign or marker. Access is turning directly off a public road. The cemetery is open to all with no walls, fences or gates. The size of the cemetery is approximately 0.5ha. No stones are visible. Municipality owns site, primarily a forest. Properties adjacent are agricultural. The cemetery was vandalized during World War II, for construction of the nearby Hitler Jugend camp barracks. Vegetation is a serious threat.
     Michal Witwickie, Dernboeosluiego 12/53, tel. 6418345 02-784 Warszawa completed survey. Elenora Bergman and Michal Witwickie visited the site October 18, 1992. Local residents were interviewed.

OGARDY: See Strzelce Krajenskie
OKONEK: See Lendyczek

OLECKO: AS 167
Alternate name: Oletzko, Treuburg, and Margrabowa. Olecko in the region Suwalskie at 54º02'N, 22º30' E, 35 km from Suwalki. The location of the cemetery is ul. Armii Krajowej (miejsce po cmetarzu-former cemetery site), The present poulation is 5000-25,000 with no Jews.
     Earliest Jewish community was 1834 synagogue. 1937 Population was 57. The last known Orthodox burial was in the first half of the 19th century. The isolated urban flat land has no signs or markers. The cemetery no longer exists. The approximate size of the cemetery before World War II was 0.1ha. No stones are visible. dr. Janusz Mackiewicz, 16-400 Suwalki, ul. 1 Maja 27a/47, tel. sl.663741, tel. d. 663756 completed survey on September 26, 1994.

OLESNICA:
Source: Gruber, Ruth Ellen. Jewish Heritage Travel A Guide to East-Central Europe. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1992. p. 58

OLESNO: AS 168
Alternate name: Rosenberg in German. Olesno in the region Czestochowa, 20º56', 50º12', 51 km from Czestochowa and 116 km to Opole. The cemetery location is Mtynska Str. 50. Present population is 5000-25,000 with no Jews.
     The earliest known Jewish community was last half of 18th century. 1925Jewish population was 102. The landmarked Orthodox cemetery was probably established at the beginning of the 19th century. The isolated suburban area flat land has no sign or marker. To reach the cemetery, turn directly off a public road. The approximate size of the cemetery before WWII and now is o.45ha. 100-500 gravestones, possibly 20-100 not in original locations with less than 25% toppled or broken, date from 1821-20th century. The marble, granite and sandstone, flat shaped and finely smoothed with inscriptions and carved decorations or multi-stone monuments have Hebrew and German inscriptions. There are no known mass graves. Municipality owns property. Properties adjacent are agricultural and residential. Rarely, local residents visit. There has not been any vandalization in the last ten years. Within the limits of the cemetery is a pre-burial house. Jan Puwet Woronczak and Jerry Woronczak visited the site in 1987.

OLESZYCE:     US Commission No. POCE000146
Oleszyce is in region Przemysl, 50º10' 23º02', 55 km from Przemysl and 165 km from Lublin. The cemetery is in the center of the town, south from the Market Square (Rynek) at Swierczewskiego St. Present population is 1000-5000 with no Jews.
     1921 Jewish population was 590 (54.5%). The Orthodox Jewish cemetery was established before 1767. The isolated urban flat land no signs or markers and reached by turning directly off public road. A continuous fence with gate that does not open surround but a hole in the fence is open to all. Approximate size was and is 0.82ha. 500-5000 gravestones, most in original locations and 20 to 100 not with less than 25% of surviving stones, date from 1797-20th century. Vegetation is a constant problem disturbing graves. The cemetery is not divided into sections. The limestone, flat shaped, finely smoothed and inscribed or stones with carved relief decoration have Hebrew inscriptions. There are no known mass graves. The municipality owns closed cemetery. Properties adjacent are residential. It is rarely visited. The cemetery has not been vandalized in the last ten years and had repairs made to the wall and gate. Vegetation and weather erosion, security and vandalism are moderate threats. Pollution and incompatible nearby existing development are slight threats.
     Jan Pawet Woronczak, Sandomierska, 21m I; 02-567 Warszawa, tel. 49-54-62 completed the survey on September 7, 1991. In 1990, Jan Pawet Woronczak, Anna Kune, Robert Kaskow, and Marcin Wodziniski visited.
     http://www.shtetlinks.jewishgen.org/pilzno/pilzno.html [October 2000]
     "Some gravestones were standing, others toppled." Source: Cohen, Chester G. "Jewish Cemeteries in Southern Poland" from `An Epilogue' in Shtetl Finder. 1980.

OLETZKO: see Olecko

OLKUSZ: (I) US Commission No. 000537 and (II) US Commission No. 000538
In Katowickie. The US Commission is not finished rechecking these files. [2000]
The following is a list of Jewish cemeteries in Zaglembie. I have personally visted most of them: Bedzin - ul. Podzamcze, Bedzin - ul. Zawale (now a park), Bedzin - ul. Sielecka (bus terminal), Czeladz - ul. Czealdzka 64 (also used by Bedzin community), Sosnowiec - ul. Gospodarcza 1, Sosnowiec (Modzejow) - ul. Niwka Pastewna, Sosnowiec (Milowice) - ul. Stalowa, Dabrowa Gornicza - ul. Wolka 5, Dabrowa gornicza - ul. Mydlice, Wolbrom - ul. Skalska, Zawiercie - ul. Daszynskiego, Kromolow - ul. Piaskowa 29, Olkusz - ul. Kopalniana, Olkusz - ul. Olowiana, Boleslaw - Krzykawka 139 (used by Slawkow community), I have many photos of these cemeteries. You should also consult the following:
     For your information, a book listing every tombtone in the Zawiercie cemetery will be published shortly. Also, I am involved in a project to publish a book on the old Jewish cemetery in Bedzin which dates back to 1808. Anyone interested in this book, please contact me. Jeffrey Cymbler JCYMBLER@aol.com [November 2000 on JewishGen Digest]

OLPINY: see reference to WWI cemetery in POLAND Introduction
     US Commission No. POCE000031
In Tarnow. The US Commission is not finished rechecking this file. [2000][2000]

OLPINY: region Tarnow, Poland
     This military cemetery "Olpiny Nr. 35" is situated on a ridge, 8km north of Biecz. 49º47 55 N 21º12 50 Alt.353 (GPS Magellan 3000). I made no contacts and spoke only to farmers working in a field adjacent to the unlocked cemetery with no caretaker. The municipal government or Roman Catholic vicarage, "Parafia" may have information about the cemetery. The book "Westgalizische Heldengraeber..." reported that 6 single graves were erected in the Jewish municipial cemetery of Olpiny in 1914-1915. There Jewish soldiers were buried. 1 km north, Austrian Wargrave Commission built a huge military cemetery for other Austrians and for Germans. Affiliation of the Jewish fallen to military units is unknown. All must have died in the course of the Battle of Gorlice-Tarnow. Jewish cemetery military part dates from 1914-1915, 3 km south of the village of Olpiny on a ridge in free land. The unlandmarked cemetery is listed in Die Westgalizischen Heldengraeber aus den Jahren des Weltkrieges 1914-1915, by Major Rudolf Broch and Captain Hans Hauptmann, Krakow 1918. The book lists and describes 400 military cemeteries in Western Galicia, Poland with maps, pictures, and outlines. The isolated and difficult to find rectangular group of bushes with no sign or marker can be found as follows: From the center of Olpiny, turn south up the ridge. After about 2 km, find the cemetery NR.34 Olpiny (the big one). Follow the field (country) lane for 1km to the conspicuous group of bushes. Access is open to all with no gate, wall, or fence. Present size of rectangle of bushes measures about 100x30m. No gravestones. The Austrian graves were made of sandstone. The 6 single gravestones that did exist had Stars of David. The present owner of the cemetery property must be the Polish because by the Treaty of St.Germain, the successor states of Austria Hungary were obliged to take care of the cemeteries irrespective of nationality, religion or race. The cemetery property is used for bushes amidst of meadows and fields. The cemetery is visited rarely. The farmers reported that last year (1996) somebody lit candles. The Austrian Black Cross Organization (pendant to War Grave Commission) gives no care or maintenance. No threats.
     Dr.Erich Fritsch, A-5233 Pischelsdorf 56 O.Oe, Austria Tel.:0043-7742.7400; email: erich.fritsch@sol.at visited the site in July 1997. He used Westgalizische Heldengraeber (noted above) to complete this survey.

OLSZTYN:
Alternate name: Barczewo. P. 73: Gruber, Ruth Ellen. Jewish Heritage Travel A Guide to East-Central Europe. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1992.
AS 169:
Alternate names: Allenstein in German; Barczewo. Olsztyn in the region Olsztynskie at 50º65' 19º16'. The cemetery's location is ul. Zyndrama. Present town population is over 100,000 with no Jews.
     The earliest known Jewish community was 1819. 1933 Jewish population was 448. Eryk Mendelsohn, architect, lived here. The Orthodox and Progressive/Reform cemetery was established in the first half of the 19th century with last known Jewish burial, 1941. Landmarked: registered monument of Olsztyn. The isolated suburban slightly falling flat land has no signs or markers. Reach by turning directly off a public road, accessis open to all with no walls, fences or gates. Approximate size of cemetery before World War II and now is 0,48ha. [SIC: The form indicates that 500-5000 gravestones in the original locations, none in the original locations and none visible-contradiction]. Municipality owns property used for recreation. Properties adjacent are residential. Occasionally, local residents and private visitors visit; occasionally, authorities clear vegetation.
     Wiktor Knercer, Olsztyn, 10 -685, ul. Bariza 33 m 16, tel. 33-86-07 completed survey in September 1991. Documentation: Freiderichs Deutsches Studtebuch... Stuttgart, 1939; Statistisches Handbuch fur die Provinz OApreuzen ... 1938

     UPDATE: The burial house for the cemetery is still standing. It was allegedly the first project of Mendelsohn and is marked with a commemorative stone in Polish and Hebrew (and possibly German). It is not open to public. Source: thetrev@hotmail.com [February 2006] OLSZTYNEK: AS 170
Alternate name: Hohenstein in German. Olsztynekz is located in region Olsztynskie, 53º35N 20º12E, 28 km from Olsztyn. The cemetery is located along the road to Jemiolowa. Present town population is 5000-25000 with no Jews.
     The earliest known Jewish community existed in 1831 with 8 people and in 1930 with 50. The Jewish cemetery was established first half of the 19th century and was used by Orthodox and Progressive-Reform until the late 1930's. The cemetery, 0.10 hectare, is located on isolated suburban flat land with no sign. Access off a public road is open to all. There is no wall, gate, or structures. No stones are visible. The municipality owns property used as a park. Properties adjacent are residential. Rarely, residents visit. Cccasionally, municipal or local authority clear vegetation. Only slight threat of incompatible development.
     Wiktor Knercer 10-685 Olsztyn, ul. Barna 33m16, tel.33-86-0, visited site 8/1991 and completed survey October 1991. Documentation: Frederichs Deutsches Stadtbuch... , Stuttgart, 1939.

OPATOW:     US Commission No. 000238
Alternate name: Apt (Yiddish); located in Tarnobrzeg. The US Commission is not finished rechecking this file. [2000]

OPATOW: Kielce Province.
The five-acre cemetery in this once well-known Jewish community is partially fenced. Part of it is a park where many boys played kick ball. In the park is a Jewish tombstone lying on its side and used as a bench. We found eight restored shards covered with swastikas and anti-Semitic graffati. It was very depressing. Source: (Feb. 1998) Betty Starkman; BetteJoy@aol.com

OPARTOWO/RAJGROD: Suwalki
Alternate names of town or village: English, Rajgrod/Opartowo; Polish:Rajgrod/Opartowo. The cemetery is located in a forest 1km W of Rajgrod on main road 61 to Opartowo, about 15km WSW of Augustow. 53º44 22º42. Present total town population: 2000 with no Jews. Contract for cemetery information: Janusz Sobolewski; Town Hall, Rajgrod. Jewish population as of the last census before World War II: 500+. About twenty people of the community were marched into forest and murdered. 450+ were interned in the ghetto before being moved to Treblinka. The isolated wooded flat land has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, no wall, fence or gate surround. 100+ gravestones with 25+ in original location. The vegetation overgrowth in the cemetery is a constant problem, disturbing graves and damaging stones. The cemetery property is a forest. Properties adjacent are agricultural. Rarely, organized individual tours and Jewish or non-Jewish private visitors stop. The cemetery was vandalized during World War II. No maintenance. No structures. Security (uncontrolled access) is a moderate threat. Weather erosion and vegetation are very serious threats. Pollution and vandalism are a slight threat. Incompatible nearby development is a slight threat.
Dr. Allan Sidorsky, 5207 Vandale Place N.W, Calgary Alberta T3A 0K5 403 630-4761; alsidorsky@rocketmail.com completed this survey on 29 Sept 1999 using a small amount of photos and a video. He visited the site on 1 Sep 1999 with Abe, Brian, Ryan, and Faye Sidorsky. He interviewed Janusz Sobolewski for the cemetery location.

OPOCZNO I:     US Commission No. POCE000664
Opoczno I is located in Piltrkow Tr. at 20º17 51º23, 39 km from Piotrkow; 69 km from Kielce; 62 km from Radom. The cemetery is located at Janasa St. 9 (behind the synagogue). Present town population is 5,000-25,000 with no Jews.
     The earliest known Jewish community was 17th century. 1921 Orthodox Jewish population was 3376. The unlandmarked, isolated, urban flat land has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open with permission. A continuous fence with locking gate surrounds the cemetery. There are no stones or known mass graves. Within the limits of are other structures and new buildings. Municipality owns property used for industrial or commercial use. Properties adjacent are commercial or industrial and residential. The cemetery has been vandalized during World War II and never in 1981-91No maintenance. Jan Pawet Woronczak, Sandomierska Str. 21 m. 1, 02-567 Warszawa; tel. 49-54-62 completed survey on 29 Dec 1991.
OPOCZNO II:     US Comm. No. POCE000665
The cemetery is located at Limanowskiego Str. 23 (new). See Opoczno I for town details. The unlandmarked Orthodox Jewish cemetery was established in probably in 19th century. The isolated urban hillside has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all. A broken masonry wall with no gate surrounds the cemetery. 1 to 20 stones, none in their original location, are mostly sandstone flat shaped stones with Hebrew inscriptions. The cemetery contains no known mass graves. Municipality owns property used for recreation use (park, playground, and sports field). Properties adjacent are residential. The cemetery boundaries are unchanged since 1939. Occasionally, local residents visit. The cemetery was not vandalized in 1981-91. No maintenance.
     Jan Pawet Woronczak, Sandomierska Str. 21 m. 1, 02-567 Warszawa; tel. 49-54-62 completed survey on 29 Dec 1991.
     http://www.geocities.com/adaleh_99/opocz.htm [October 2000]

OPOLE:     US Commission No. POCE000529
Alternate name: Oppeln in German. Opole is in Opolskie province, 50º40N 17º56E, 84km from Wroclaw. The cemetery is located on Poniatowskiego Street. Present town population is 100,000 with fewer than 10 Jews.
     The earliest known Jewish community was 1396. Before World War II, 607 Jews included Emin Pasza. The Progressive-Reform Jewish cemetery was established 3 July 1816 with last known Jewish burial 1960. The cemetery is listed as landmark No.223/89. The isolated, suburban flat land is located on a public road with a sign in the local language and a municipal sign. A continuous masonry wall with gate gives access to all. The size of the cemetery before WWII was.5 ha and is now.348 ha. 500 and 5000 stones, 100-500 in original locations with 50%-75% toppled or broken, date from 19th & 20th centuries. The limestone and sandstone finely smoothed and inscribed; flat with carved relief decoration; double stones or sculpted monuments have Hebrew, Polish and German inscriptions. Some stones have traces of painting on their surfaces. The local Jewish population owns cemetery. Although adjacent property is commercial, the site is used as a Jewish cemetery only. Approximately 0.5 hectare before WW II, the cemetery is presently 0.398 hectare, reduced in part because of commercial development. Rarely, private persons visit. It has been vandalized occasionally. Local authorities repaired the wall and gate in 1976-77. The cemetery is not cared for now. No structures. Vegetation is a problem restricting access. Moderate threats to the site involve security, weather erosion and pollution.
     Marcin Wodzinski, ul. Jednosci Naroddowej 187/13 Wroclaw, tel.216908 completed survey 16 March 1992. Documentation: H.Z.Labeccy, xcmentarz zydowski w opolu. Studium Konserwatirskie (mpis) Opole 1987. Other documentation was too old. The site was not visited.
OPOLE: {10878}
     Alternate name: Oppeln, Kreis Oppeln. A resident of Opole who I met in 1989 led me to my family's cemetery and gave me the list of the burials. Opole is located about 40 miles north of Auschwitz and Krakow. It used to be Upper Silesia, Germany (along the Oder River). It is not in great condition like most Polish Jewish cemeteries, but it's better than most. Fenced and walled, one needs a key to get in (in 1989). It was spared during the terrible flooding in July 1997 when lots of Opole was ruined. The most famous person buried there is the honorable Rabbi Wiener. Source: "Carol D. Baird", sbaird@weber.ucsd.edu [date: after July 1997]
    UPDATE: The cemetery in Opole at Graniczna Street between a factory and small houses exists. I have not found any at Poniatowskiego Street. Source: jerzy.pankiewicz@pwr.wroc.pl [August 2003]
    UPDATE: The text says "The old jewish cemetery, Graniczna Street." http://www.um.opole.pl/miasto/galeria_cmentarz.php?gal=cmentarz.inc&col=3 [August 2003]

OPOLE LUBELSKIE:     US Commission No. POCE00189
Located in Lublin Province, 51º03 21º53, 50 km fom Lublin. The cemetery is located about 1km W of the market square, along the road. Present town population is 5000-25000, no Jews.
     The earliest known Jewish community was first half of the 17th century. 1921 Jewish population was 3766. The Orthodox cemetery was established in the second half of the 17th century. The isolated suburban flat land (a moraine), off a public road with access open to all. A broken fence with non-locking gate surround. A Polish sign mentions Jews. There are no stones visible in the 3.17 hectare \ cemetery. The municipality owns property used as a Jewish cemetery and waste dump. Adjacent property is agricultural and residential. Occasionally/rarely, private visitors stop. The cemetery was vandalized and graves desecrated during World War II. No maintenance. Problems include security, vegetation overgrowth vandalism and weather erosion. The area is dug up; garbage is thrown from nearby houses; and children use it as a playground.
     Pawel Sygowski, 20-201 Lubin, ul. Walwowsznyzna 64/59 visited site in Oct 1991 and completed survey in December 1991. People were interviewed.

OPPELN: (German) see Opole
ORAWKA: used the cemetery at Podwilk
OGARDY: used the cemetery at Strzelce Krajenskie

ORLA: (I) US Commission No. POCE000123
Orla (I) is located in Bialystok woj at 52º42 23º20, 55km from Bialystok. The cemetery was located behind extant Great Synagogue in the center of town but no longer exists. Present town population is 1,000-5,000 with no Jews [1993: 4,548].
     The earliest known Jewish community started in 16th-17th centuries. 1921 Jewish population (census) was 1167. Rabbi Eli Halpern lived here. The Orthodox and Conservative Jewish cemetery was established in the 18th century with last known burial in early 19th century. The approximate size of cemetery before WWII was 0.40 hectares. The cemetery no longer exists. The cemetery was vandalized both prior to and during World War II. Tomasz Wisniewski, ul. Bema 95/99, Bialystok, Tel. 212-46 completed survey on 30/09/1991. He visited in 1990.
     Aleksander Szajkowski at ul. Armii Czerwonej 92, Orla was interviewed.
ORLA (II):     US Commission No. POCE000124
The cemetery is located by road to Orlanka, opposite hospital. Rabbi Eli Halpern and Eliezer Icchok Bachnan lived here. The cemetery was established during the 19th century with last known Orthodox or Conservative Jewish burial 1939. Surrounding villages up to 10kms away used this cemetery. The isolated suburban flat land and hillside has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all with no wall or gate. The approximate size of before WWII was 1.40 hectares and now is 0.80 hectares. The decrease in size results from agriculture. 20-100 visible gravestones with less than 25% toppled or broken and fewer than 20 not in original locations, date from the 19th century. Removed stones were incorporated into the road to Bielsk Podlaski. The limestone and slate rough stones have Hebrew inscriptions. Some tombstones have portraits on stones. The cemetery contains no known mass graves. The municipality owns property used for the Jewish cemetery and agriculture. Properties adjacent are agricultural. The cemetery was vandalized during World War II. No maintenance. Weather erosion is moderate threat, as are security and pollution.
     Tomasz Wisniewski, ul. Bema 95/99, Bialystok, Tel. 212-46 completed survey on 25/09/1991. He visited in 1990.
     In his 1998 book Jewish Bialystok, Wiesnewski adds on pages 96-97 that in 1616, Orla had 17 Jewish homes and a synagogue. The 1676 Jewish population was 104 or about half. The 1897 Jewish population was 2,310 or 77%; and the pre-WWII Jewish population was about 1,500. The cemetery on the Orlanka River contains 40 gravestones. Elisz Oldziewjewicz lives in a house near the synagogue and acts as its caretaker. He has additional information. [October 2000]
     They Lived Among Us: Polish Judaica, a travel brochure: Arline Sachs, sachs@nova.org extracted names of townstaht supposedly having Jewish cemeteries. These generally have names only; sometimes a description of famous people who lived there, but no page number.)
     Source: Gruber, Ruth Ellen. Jewish Heritage Travel A Guide to East-Central Europe. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1992. p. 58-59
     This is not the town in Lida uezd, formerly Vilna guberniya and now Grodno region, Belarus.
     UPDATE: http://www.polishjews.org/synag/orla.htm has synagogue sketch. [August 2005]
     UPDATE: Cemetery photos at http://www.kirkuty.xip.pl/orla.html [January 2006]

ORNETA:     US Commission No. POCE000763
Alternate name: Wormditt in German. Orneta is located in region Elblyskie/ Elblag [sic Elblag, Elblgg, Elblyg or Elblerg] at 54º07 20º08, 101 km E of Gdansk. The cemetery is located on ul. Piaskowa. Present town population is 5000-25000 with no Jews.
     The earliest known Jewish community was 1800's. Noteworthy events included Judenedikt of 1812. The Orthodox 1806 cemetery was 0.20 hectare, on isolated suburban flat land. Access off a public road is open to all with a broken masonry wall. 20-100 gravestones are not in original locations. The municipality owns site used for agriculture. Properties adjacent are agricultural and residential. Rarely, local residents visit. The cemetery was vandalized during World War II. It was liquidated and used for animal grazing and partly as a barren.
     Wiktor Knercer, 10-685, Olsztyn, ul. Barcza 33/16, tel. 33-86-07 visited the site June 1992 and completed survey Sept. 1992. Documentation: maps in the scale of 1:25000 from 1910-1920, Deutches Stadtbuch, Erich Renner 1939 and Aloys Sommerfeld, Juden im Ermland, in ZSAE. [sic] z.10.

ORTELSBURG: see Szczylno

OSIECZNA:     US Commission No. POCE000313
Alternate name: Storchnest in German. Osieczna is in region Leszczynskie, 51º54N 16º41E, 10 km from Leszno; 70 km from Poznan. The cemetery is located on ul. Stoneczna. Population is 1000-5000 with no Jews.
     The earliest known Jewish community existed in 1637. The most noteworthy events were 1793 fire; 1880 dismantling of the synagogue; the last Jews moved out in 1920. R. Dayan Salomo, R. Menashem Nackum, R. Yoel Posner, and R. Bar Jasukulski lived here. The Conservative and Progressive-Reform cemetery was established at the turn of the 17th-18th century. The isolated urban crown of a hill has no sign or marker. Access off a public road is entirely closed. {SIC: "no wall or fence" is checked off on form with hand-written statement "fenced in by the new users".] There is no gate. The cemetery was 0.25 ha before WWII and is now occupied by residential buildings; there is nothing left. A private individual owns residental buildings. Properties adjacent are residential.
     Dariusz Czwojdrak completed survey Nov. 13, 1991 and visited and interviewed Stanislaw Kaczmarek 12 Nov. 1991.
OSIECZNA: {10800}
     17 names from those tombstones collected in the Jewish Department of the Regional Museum in Leszno. Source: Dariusz Czwojdrak forwarded by Scott Clark tel. (513)-558-1749, fax: (513)-558-2722; clarkcs@email.uc.edu

OSIEK:     US Commission No. POCE000237
Osiek is located in Tarnobrzeg, 50º31 21º26, 25km from Tarnobrzeg. The cemetery is located by road from Osiek to Polaniec, about 1km. from Osiek market square. Present population is 1,000-5,000, with no Jews.
     1931 Jewish population (census) was 539. The unlandmarked Orthodox Jewish cemetery was established in first half 19th century. The isolated agricultural flat land has no sign or marker, no wall or gate. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all. The size of cemetery before WWII and now is 1.50 hectares, though the boundaries are not visible. Vegetation poses a seasonal problem preventing access. No gravestones are visible and no known mass graves. The cemetery was destroyed during WWII. The municipality leased out the site as communal property; now a private individual owns the property. The cemetery itself does not exist. The site has been partly ploughed over for agriculture, partly overgrown with acacias. If any graves do still exist underground, deep ploughing would harm them.
     Marek Florek, ul. Chopina 12/2, 37-420 Rudnik n/Ganem, ph: 26 completed survey on 15 Nov 1991. Documentation: Karta ewidencji cmentarza. He visited on 04/11/1991.

OSJAKOW:     US Commission No. POCE000688
Osjakow is located in the Sierdz region, 51º18N 18º48E, 15 km from Wielun. Present population is 1,000-5000 with no Jews.
     The earliest known Jewish community was 18th or 19th century. 1921 Jewish population was 759 (49.2%). The unlandmarked Orthodox and Conservative Jewish cemetery for town and nearby communities was established in the 18th century with last known Jewish burial in 1942. The isolated, suburban, flat land has no sign or marker, wall or gate. Located on a public road, access is open to all. The size was and is 1.5 ha. 1 to 20 limestone and sandstone finely smoothed and inscribed in Hebrew or flat with carved relief decoration, with less than 25% toppled or broken, date from 1915 [?]. The municipality owns property used as a Jewish cemetery only. Adjacent property is agricultural/commercial. Occasionally, organized Jewish groups and individual tours, private visitors, and local residents visit. The cemetery was vandalized during World War II. There is no maintenance, no structures. Pollution and vegetation overgrowth are moderate threats.
     Adam Penkalla; deceased, visited site and completed survey November 1992.

OSNO LUBUSKIE:     US Commission No. POCE0000341
Alternate name: Drossen in German. Osno Lubuskie is in Gorzon region at 52º28 N and 14º52E, 14 km from Sulecin. The cemetery is located in the N of town in the forest near Lake Reczynek. Present town population is 1000-5000 with no Jews.
     1921 Jewish population was 28. The Progressive-Reform cemetery was established at the beginning of the 18th century. The isolated suburban crown of a hill has a broken masonry wall with no gate. Open access is off a public road. Before WWI and now, the size is.20 hectare. 1 to 20 gravestones, not in original locations with less than 25 toppled or broken, date from 1841-19th century. The granite and sandstone smooth and inscribed, flat with carved relief decorations, sculpted monuments, or double headstones have Hebrew and German inscriptions. The municipality owns unused property. Forest is adjacent to the cemetery. Occasionally, local residents visit. The cemetery was vandalized during World War II. No maintenance. No structures. Vegetation disturbs the graves; and vandalism is a constant problem. Weather erosion and security are moderate threats.
     Henryk Grecki, tel. 377-41 70-534 Szozecin w Soktysia 3/13 completed survey Aug. 14, 1991. The site was not visited.

     UPDATE: Cemetery photos at http://www.kirkuty.xip.pl/osnolubuskie.htm [May 2006]
OSTENBURG: See Pultusk
OSTERODE: (German) see Ostroda
OSTRAWIA: (in the beginning of the 18th century) see Ostrow Mazowiecka

OSTRODA: AS 171
Alternate name: Osterode in German. Ostroda is in region Olsztynskie, 53º42 19º58, 42 km from Olsztyn. The cemetery is on "Polish Hill", Armii Ludowej Street. Present population is 25,000-100,00 with no Jews.      The Jewish community was established in 1707; the landmarked cemetery in 1735. 1937 Jewish population (census) was 75. The last known Orthodox and Progressive-Reform burial was late 1930's. The suburban crown of the hill called "Polish Hill" is part of a municipal cemetery. Access off a public road is open to all with no sign or marker. A broken masonry wall surrounds the site; the gate was destroyed. The Jewish part of the municipal cemetery covers about 0.20 hectare. 100-500 gravestones, all in original locations with less than 25% toppled or broken, date 1850-19th century. The sandstone flat stones with carved relief decorations have Hebrew and German inscriptions. The municipality owns the site used only as a Jewish cemetery. Adjacent properties are residential. Local residents or private visitors stop rarely. Vegetation overgrowth is a problem restricting access. Care involved clear vegetation. Security, weather erosion, pollution, vegetation and vandalism are only slight threats.
     Wiktor Knercer, 10-685 Olsztyn, ul. Barcza 33m 16m tel. 33-86-07 visited site and completed survey September 1991. Documentation: Friederichs Deutches Stadtbuch...., Stuttgart, 1939; K. Burger Kreisbuch Osterode Ostprenssen, Kiel 1977.

OSTROLEKA:     US Comm. No. POCE000050
Alternate name: Scharfenwiese in German (1939-1945). Ostroleka is at 53º05N 21º34E in Ostroleckie Province, 36 km from Lomza, 41 km from Ostrow Mazowiecka, 26 km from Rozan and 136 km from Warszawa. The cemetery is on Poznanska Str. Town population 25,000-100,000 with no Jews.
     The earliest known Jewish community was 1794. 1931 census shows 4291 Jews. The cemetery was established in the 19th century with last known Orthodox, Conservative or Progressive-Reform Jewish burial in 1939/40. The isolated urban flat land has a sign in Polish, Yiddish and Hebrew mentioning Jews, the Holocaust and the Jewish community. Access, off a public road, is open to all with a continuous fence and locking gate. The cemetery before WWII and now is 3.5 ha. 20-100 gravestones, none in original locations with less than 25% toppled or broken, date from the 19th-20th century. The sandstone flat stones with carved relief decorations or smoothed and inscribed have inscriptions Hebrew and/or Yiddish. The cemetery contains a special memorial to Holocaust victims. The municipality and private individual/s own site. Within the cemetery are an orphanage, a school building, and residential buildings. The cemetery was destroyed during World War II. Vandalism and existing and planned nearby development are very serious problems. Local non-Jewish residents, other non-Jewish individuals or groups and local/municipal authorities and groups from Israel patched broken stones and cleaned stones in 1990-1991. Occasional cleaning or clearing by authorities continues. Properties adjacent are residential, reducing the size of the cemetery from its 1939 configuration. Frequently, organized Jewish group tours, organized individual tours, private visitors and local residents visit.
     Wojciech Henrykowski, str Spoldzielcza 20 06-200 Makow Mazowiecki completed survey on August 27, 1991.
     Documentation: collection of Panstwowa Sluzba Ochrony Zabytkow w Ostrolece, photographic documentation of the tombstones in the collection.
     Alternate name: Ostrolenka. http://www.shtetlinks.jewishgen.org/ostro/ostro.html [October 2000]

OSTROW KOMZYNSKI: (in the 20th century) see Ostrow Mazowiecka

OSTROW LUBELSKIE:     US Commission No. POC0000190
Located in Lublin Province at 51º30N 22º52E, 40 km from Lublin. Present population is 1000-5000 with no Jews. The cemetery is in the N part of town, by the road to Bojki.
     The earliest known Jewish community was established in 1634. 1928 Jewish population was 1763. The unlandmarked cemetery was established at beginning of 17th century with last known Orthodox Jewish burial in 1942. The isolated formerly suburban, now urban, flat land has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all. Before WW II, the site was 1.5ha., now reduced to 0.8 ha due to industrial and commercial development. No gravestones are visible. Many removed stones were incorporated into the road to Lubartow. Adjacent properties are commercial or industrial---a sawmill, school and forest. The present owner of the site is unknown. Private persons rarely visit. The cemetery was vandalized during World War II. Major problems are security, incompatible nearby and planned development. The area is not fenced; the square in front of the sawmill is intended for development.
     Pawel Sygowski, ul. Kalinowenzyzna 64/59, 20-201 Lublin tel.772078 completed survey in Dec. 1991. Pawel visited the site May 1990.

OSTROW MAZOWIECKA I:     US Commission No. POCE000044
Alternate name: 18th Century-Ostrawia; beginning of 20th century-Ostrow Komzynski. Ostrow Mazowiecka is located in Ostroleckie region at 52º48 21º54, 37 km from Wyjzkow, 31 km from Zambrow, 41 km from Ostroleka, and 95 km from Warszawa. The cemetery is located on Wokodyjowskiego Street. Present town population is 5,000-25,000 with no Jews.
     The earliest known Jewish community was 18th Century. 1921 Jewish population was 6,812. The Orthodox, Conservative and Progressive /Reform Jewish cemetery was established at the beginning of the 20th century with last known Jewish burial 1939-1940. The isolated suburban flat land has no sign or marker. No wall, fence, or gate surrounds. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all. The size of the cemetery before W.W.II and now is 2.0 hectares. 1 to 20 sandstone and concrete flat stones with carved relief decorations, in original position with less than 25% toppled or broken, date from 20th century. One removed tombstone is in a private collection at Wolykjiewicz Str, Motkinsha 48, 07-300, Ostrow Maz. The cemetery contains no known mass graves. The municipality owns site used for agriculture. Properties adjacent are commercial, industrial, agricultural and residential. Private Jewish and non-Jewish visitors and local residents rarely visit. The cemetery was vandalized during W.W.II, but not in the last ten years. No maintenance. Vegetation overgrowth seasonally prevents access, and constantly disturbs graves and stones. The cemetery was destroyed during WWII but vandalism is a problem. Wojciech Henrykowski, 06-200 Makow Max Str, Spokdzielcza 20 visited site and completed survey 8/27/1991. Documentation: the collection of Pouistwowo Stuzba Ochrony Zabytkow w Ostroique.
OSTROW MAZOWIECKA II:     US Commission No. POCE00045
See Ostrow Mazowiecka I for town information. The Orthodox, Conservative and Progressive/Reform Jewish cemetery is located on Str. Targowa, Str. Broniewskiego was established in the 17th Century [sic: contrdicts the 18th century date of earliest known Jewish community]. The last known Jewish burial was beginning of the 20th century. The isolated urban flat land has no sign or marker. A continuous fence with non-locking gate surrounds it. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all. The size of the cemetery before W.W.II was and still is 2.0 hectares. No gravestones are visible with no known mass graves. The municipality owns site used for industrial or commercial purposes. Properties adjacent are commercial, industrial, agricultural and residential. Private Jewish and non-Jewish visitors and local residents rarely visit. The cemetery was vandalized during W.W.II. No maintenance. Within the limits of the cemetery are shops. Threats: very serious-pollution and vandalism. Serious threat: incompatible development.
     Wojciech Henrykowski, 06-200 Makow Max St. Spokdzielcza 20 completed survey on August 27, 1991. Documentation: collection of Pouistwowo Stuzba Ochrony Zabytkow w Ostroique. The site was not visited.

OSTROW WLKP:
In Kalisz: Source: Gruber, Ruth Ellen. Jewish Heritage Travel A Guide to East-Central Europe. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1992. p. 77

OSTRAWIA: (in the beginning of the 18th century) see Ostrow Mazowiecka

OSTROWIESW:
Work will be done by an organization in Israel. See Tomaszow-Mazowiecki for details. Source: Benjamin Yaari; Chairman of the Tomaszow Organization in Israel. Mr. Yaari does not have email so the data was sent by: Ada Holtzman; ada.Greenblatt@worldnet.att.net

OSTROWIEC SWIETOKRZYSKI:     US Commission No. POCE0000277
Ostrowiec Swietokrzyski is located in Kielce region at 50º58N, 21º23E, about 169 km from Warszawa. The cemetery is located between Sienkiewicza, Mickiewicza, and Hiecka streets. Present town population is over 100,000 with no Jews.
     The earliest known Jewish community was between 1637-1662. 1921 Jewish population was 10,095, 51.2%. The Orthodox Jewish cemetery was established about 1657. Meir Halewi Halsztok was buried here about 1928. The last known Jewish burial was 1943. Landmarked: Wojewodzki Konserwator Zabythow Kielach (Letters following are illegible.) The isolated urban crown of a hill has a plaque in Polish mentioning the Jews in the Jewish cemetery. No wall, fence, or gate surrounds. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is entirely closed. The size of the cemetery before W.W.II and now is about 1.0 hectares. 100 to 500 gravestones visible, none in their original location with 50%-75% toppled or broken, date from 1850-20th century. Removed stones were incorporated into the municipal streets. The sandstone finely smoothed and inscribed or flat stones with carved relief decorations have Hebrew, Yiddish and Polish inscriptions. Some tombstones have traces of painting on their surfaces. The cemetery contains an unmarked mass grave. The municipality owns site used solely as a Jewish cemetery. Properties adjacent are residential. Compared to 1939, the cemetery boundaries enclose the same area. Private Jewish visitors occasionally visit. The cemetery was vandalized during W.W.II. In 1960, local/municipal authorities (lapidarium) did some restoration of the tombstones. Occasionally, authorities clean or clear. There is an unpaid caretaker. Threats: moderate security, weather erosion, pollution, vandalism and incompatible development (planned or proposed) as well as slight threats from vegetation and an existing incompatible nearby development.
     Dr. Adam Penkalla, deceased, completed survey and visited the site. Documentation: in his possession. He may have information.
     I came across a picture of what is supposed to be the Jewish Cemetery at Ostrowiec Swietokrzyski. I copied it from a book (I have the name of the reference). I also have two pictures of my relatives standing near tombstones in the same cemetery. The pictures must be 50 years old. I plan to visit in May 1999 and take pictures of all tombstones. Source: Col. Harry E. Stein; YTPT23A@prodigy.com
     Source: They Lived Among Us: Polish Judaica, a travel brochure: Arline Sachs, sachs@nova.org extracted names of townstaht supposedly having Jewish cemeteries. These generally have names only; sometimes a description of famous people who lived there, but no page number.)
     Gruber, Ruth Ellen. Jewish Heritage Travel A Guide to East-Central Europe. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1992. p.77

OSTRZESZOW:     US Commission No. POCE000480
Ostrzeszow is located in region Kaliskie at 51º25, 17º57, 75 km NE of Wrockaw. The cemetery is located at 37 Zamkowa Street. Present town population is 5,000-25,000 with no Jews.
     The earliest known Jewish community was 18th century. 1931 Jewish population was 122. Effecting the Jewish community was the building of the synagogue before 1886. The Orthodox Jewish cemetery was probably established in the 18th century. The isolated urban flat land has no sign or marker. A continuous fence with locking gate surrounds it. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open with permission. The present size of the cemetery is about 0.3 hectares. No gravestones are visible, although they still existed in the late 1950s. The municipality owns site used for kindergarten. Properties adjacent are residential. Compared to 1939, the cemetery boundaries enclose the same area. It is never visited. The cemetery was vandalized during W.W.II, and after 1950. No maintenance. Within the limits of the cemetery is an unlandmarked pre-burial house used for dwelling that could be reconstructed or demolished. There are no threats.
     Michal Witwicki, Dembowshiego 12/53, tel. 6418345, 02-784 Warszawa completed survey. Eleonora Bergman and Michad Witwicki visited the site on Oct. 18, 1991. Mariauna Kaspvzyk, who lives in the pre-burial house at 37 Zamkowa Street, was interviewed.

OSWIECIM:
     The cemetery appeared to be in remarkably good condition. Mostly all of the tomstones were in an upright condition. Monuments to the Holocaust and Ohels were in also in good condition. Grass and ground vegetation was generally under control and there was no graffiti on the cemetery walls or on the tombstones. Source: Leonard Markowitz; Priluki@voicenet.com.
     January 1997 Dateline World Jewry reported damage to 43 marble and granite tombstones, toppled or smashed in the pre-World War II Jewish was recently discovered.
     Auschwitz: some of the carried-off gravestones had been retrieved and dumped into the cemetery. Source: Cohen, Chester G. "Jewish Cemeteries in Southern Poland" from `An Epilogue' in Shtetl Finder. 1980.      See p. 37: Gruber, Ruth Ellen. Jewish Heritage Travel A Guide to East-Central Europe. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1992.
OSWIECIM: AS 216
Alternate name: Auschwitz. Oswiecim is located in Bielsko-Biala region at 19º10, 50º5, 32 km from Bielsko-Biala. The cemetery is located at ul. Dabrowskiego. Present town population is 25,000-100,000 with fewer than 10 Jews.
     The earliest known Jewish community in Oswiecim was 1500-1550. The Jewish population as of the last census before W.W.II was approximately 7,000, 60%. Schoenker, Haberfeld and Scharf lived here. Buried in this Orthodox cemetery was the Polish legionnaire, Hirsch. The last known Jewish burial was 1939. The community of Brak Danych used this cemetery. The isolated urban flat land has a sign or plaque in the local language. A continuous masonry wall with locking gate surrounds it. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is entirely closed. The size of the cemetery prior to W.W.II was 90x80 meters; its present size is 70x80 meters. 500- 5000 gravestones, about 1-20 still in original locations and 500-5000 stones not in original locations, from the 19th-20th centuries. [At the question of percentage of surviving stones toppled or broken, the words Brak Danych are written to indicate another cemetery.] Some removed stones were incorporated into roads or structures. The granite and sandstone flat shaped stones with carved relief decorations have Hebrew, Yiddish, Polish and German inscriptions. Some tombstones have traces of painting on their surfaces. The cemetery contains special memorial monuments to Holocaust victims, a marked mass grave, and the ohel of the Sharf family. Municipality owns site used solely as a Jewish cemetery. Properties adjacent are residential. Compared to 1939, the cemetery boundaries enclose a smaller area. Organized Jewish group tours or pilgrimage groups, organized individual groups, or private Jewish and non-Jewish visitors rarely visit. The cemetery was vandalized during W.W.II and also by locals during the 1970s-1980s. Re-creation and cleaning of stones, patching of broken stones, and clearing of vegetation is maintenance. Occasionally, the regular caretaker cleans and clears. Within the limits of the cemetery are an ohel and a bunker built during W.W.II. Moderate threat: nearby incompatible existing development, security, and vandalism. There are slight threats from weather erosion, pollution, vegetation and an incompatible development (planned or proposed).
     Jacek Proszyk, P.O. Box 68, 43- 430 Skoczow, completed this survey on April 27, 1995. Documentation: Artykuly Historyczne. Jacek Proszyk and Miroseaw Ganobis visited the site in April of 1995. Miroseaw Ganobis (ul. 3 Maja 21/30, 32-602 Oswiecim) was interviewed.
     UPDATE: Jacek Prosyyk sent information about some stones of my family in Oswiecim including photographs. He also enclosed what appears to be a general publicity letter about his project. This letter advises that the Oswiecim cemetery was recently taken over by the Jewish Community in Bielsko-Biala. They decided to carry out an inventory of the stones and appointed Jacek Proszyk to do this. He intends to complete the inventory by November [year?], to be deposited in the archives of the State Service for the Preservation of Monuments. There will also be produced an alphabetical index. There are apparently over 800 stones. The letter includes an appeal from the Jewish Community for funds to help complete the project on time. The Bielsko Biala Provincial Authorities provided some funding, they apparently need a further USD$500 to cover costs already incurred. Jacek Proszyk also previously carried out similar work in the cemeteries in Bielsko-Biala, Zywiec (Sayb USCh), Milowka, Skoczow (Skotschau), Cieszyn (Teschen) and Ustron. The Jewish Community in Bielsko-Biala can be contacted at the following address: gmina (district) Wyznaniowa Zydowska, 43-300 Bielsko-Biala, ul. 3 Maja 7, PO Box 180. Tel. +48-33-126654 or 122438. Jacek Proszyk is at 43-300 Bielsko-Biala, PO Box 15. Tel. +48-33-146725. E-mail: ariel@pik-nel.pl source: Daniel Vulkan, Harrow, Middlesex, England Tel. +44 181 907 3951; e-mail: daniel@vulkan.demon.co.uk [date?] {CAVEAT: This information is postly merely should anyone wish to pursue it. IAJGS knows no information about the validity this project and therefore cannot endorse it. January 2001]

OTWOCK:
see cemeteries in Anielin and Karczew
     UPDATE: In the August 5 issue of the Atlanta Jewish Times is an interesting article about the Jewish cemetery in Otwock, Poland. On a recent trip to Poland, 12 of the 32 people on a teen mission from the North Lanier Baptist Church in Cumming, Georgia cleared brush, dug up pieces of headstones and tried to put Jewish grave markers back together. See www.northlanier.org [August 2005]
     UPDATE: http://www.polishjews.org/cemet/otwock.htm has photo. [August 2005]
     UPDATE: Cemetery photos at http://www.kirkuty.xip.pl/otwock.html [January 2006]


OWCZARY:
Alternate names: Rychwald (German)/Owczary (Polish). Owczary is in Nowosadeckie region, about 12 km south of Gorlice. Drive to Gorlice in direction to Konieczna (border with Slovakia); after two or three km, turn right to Siary and follow this road to Owczary( Rychwald). The mayor of Gorlice may have information about the cemetery. During WWI, Jewish soldiers killed in action were buried together with fallen of other religions on this military cemetery. The cemetery was established between 1914-1915. The last known Jewish burial in cemetery was March 16th, 1915. The cemetery is landmarked: in the book "Westgalizische Heldengraeber" the cemetery has the Nr.70. The rural (agricultural) crown of a hill, separate but near other cemeteries, is opposite the municipical cemetery with no sign or marker. Reached at the end of the public road, access is open to all. There is a masonry wall on the front side; the other sides are masonry pillars with a wooden fence between. The cemetery has non-locking gate. The present size of cemetery is 20x30m. In the cemetery are 40 single graves, 4 mass graves, and 9 graves in line, (including 6 or 7 Jewish stones). Concrete pedestals mark other graves with Catholic or Russian crosses. The oldest known gravestone dates from 1915. Some tombstones and memorial markers made of limestone, iron, and wood. The Jewish tombstones are flat shaped stones. Some tombstones with other than metallic elements have inscriptions cut in stone. On one stone, (has photo): Infanterist Stern PINKAS, k.u.k.Inf.Rgt.Nr.21, Gefallen 16.3.1915, RUHE SANFT, [Translation: Private, Stern PINKAS, Imperial and Royal Infantry Regiment Nr.