People have inhabited Sub-Carpathia since ancient times. Various relics have been found in Sub-Carpathia. The most ancient finds go back to the Paleolithic Period (the early Stone Age—300,000 BCE).

The region was officially called:

• Subcarpathia (Kárpátalja) or North-Eastern Upper Hungary, during its period of Hungarian rule lasting a thousand years.
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• Rusinsko or Karpatske Rusinsko, then mostly as Subcarpathian Rus' / Ruthenia or Subcarpathian Ukraine after the Treaty of Trianon in 1920 until 1938, when it was part of Czechoslovakia. After 1927, it was referred to as: Subcarpathian Land (Czech: Země/Zem podkarpatskoruská, Slovak: Země / Zem podkarpatskoruská) and Podkarpatská Rus' (Ukrainian: Підкарпатська Русь).
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• Republic of Carpatho-Ukraine when the region briefly declared its independence in 1939.
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• Sub-Carpathia after it was annexed by Hungary from 1939 to 1944.
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• Transcarpathia (Закарпаття / Zakarpattia) when it was part of Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (after briefly returning to Czechoslovak rule) from 1945 to 1991 and, since 1991, as part of Ukraine.

Alternative, unofficial names used in Czechoslovakia before World War II, included:

• Subcarpathia (Czech / Slovak: Podkarpatsko)
• Transcarpathia (Czech: Zakarpatsko; Slovak: Zakarpatská Ukrajina)
• Transcarpathian Ukraine (Ukrainian: Закарпатська Україна / Zakarpats'ka Ukraina)
• Carpathian Rus' / Ruthenia (Czech / Slovak: Karpatská Rus')
• Hungarian Rus' / Ruthenia (Czech: Uherská; Slovak: Uhorská Rus', rare)

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